【摘要】：出獄人保護(hù)是一項(xiàng)關(guān)系到社會穩(wěn)定的重要工作，也是考量一國維護(hù)人權(quán)程度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。同時，進(jìn)行出獄人保護(hù)也有利于行刑目的的實(shí)現(xiàn)。國外很早認(rèn)識到出獄人保護(hù)與重新犯罪之間的密切聯(lián)系，將出獄人列為弱勢群體納入社會保障體系。聯(lián)合國預(yù)防犯罪和罪犯待遇大會通過的相關(guān)規(guī)則與決議對出獄人保護(hù)問題也予以關(guān)注。我國自建國以來就意識到能否妥善安置出獄人關(guān)系到社會環(huán)境的是否安定。因此，我國在不同的歷史時期出臺了不同的法規(guī)、規(guī)章及政策，還在相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)中規(guī)定了指導(dǎo)性原則予以支持，在某種程度上控制了我國的重新犯罪率。通過對我國出獄人保護(hù)的歷史及現(xiàn)狀的闡述和分析研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，目前我國出獄人保護(hù)存在經(jīng)費(fèi)短缺、幫教力量不足、管理機(jī)制不健全、各地的安置方式政策不一等問題。究其根本原因在于我國沒有專門的出獄人保護(hù)法，而現(xiàn)有的相關(guān)部門規(guī)章及政策規(guī)定過于原則抽象，缺乏實(shí)際操作性。相比之下，一些西方國家對此有著豐富的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)、健全的組織機(jī)構(gòu)和完善的法律制度。在健全法律制度的保障下，機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行有序，出獄人的安置、就業(yè)等工作效率都非常高。因此，在我國已經(jīng)具備構(gòu)建出獄人保護(hù)制度所需的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、法制基礎(chǔ)和群眾基礎(chǔ)的前提下，可以在借鑒他國先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國國情，構(gòu)建以國家為主導(dǎo)，社會參與的出獄人保護(hù)制度。一方面制定專門的出獄人保護(hù)法。從立法的角度將本國在出獄人保護(hù)方面的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)確立下來，明確出獄人保護(hù)的基本原則、保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)、保護(hù)形式及范圍等內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)化出獄人保護(hù)工作的操作性，，為出獄人保護(hù)事業(yè)提供明確具體的法律支持；另一方面，積極實(shí)現(xiàn)行刑社會化，出獄人保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)與監(jiān)所合作，將出獄人保護(hù)延伸至其被監(jiān)禁期間，對其進(jìn)行社會化和再社會化，避免其形成監(jiān)獄化人格的同時增強(qiáng)其社會化適應(yīng)性，以保證其更好地回歸社會，從而達(dá)到行刑目的的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The protection of people out of prison is an important work related to social stability and one of the criteria for a country to protect human rights. At the same time, the protection of people out of prison is also conducive to the realization of the purpose of execution. Foreign countries early recognized the close relationship between the protection of prisoners and the re-offending, and included the prisoners as a vulnerable group into the social security system. Relevant rules and resolutions adopted by the United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the treatment of offenders also pay attention to the protection of prisoners. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has realized that the proper placement of prisoners is related to the stability of the social environment. Therefore, China has issued different laws, regulations and policies in different historical periods, and has also stipulated guiding principles to support them in the relevant laws and regulations, to a certain extent, it has controlled the recidivism of our country. Based on the analysis and analysis of the history and present situation of the protection of people out of prison in China, it is found that there are some problems such as shortage of funds, insufficient force of help and education, imperfect management mechanism and different policies in various places. The fundamental reason lies in the fact that there is no special protection law for people out of prison in our country, and the existing regulations and policies of relevant departments are too abstract in principle and lack of practical operation. By contrast, some western countries have rich practical experience, sound organization and perfect legal system. Under the protection of sound legal system, the institutions run orderly, the release of prisoners, employment and other work efficiency are very high. Therefore, under the premise that our country already has the economic base, the legal system foundation and the mass foundation to construct the protection system of the people out of prison, we can draw lessons from the advanced experience of other countries, combine the national conditions of our country, construct the country as the leading position. Social participation in the protection of prisoners. On the one hand, the enactment of a special law on the release of prisoners. From the angle of legislation, this paper establishes the advanced experience of our country in the protection of people out of prison, clarifies the basic principles, institutions, forms and scope of protection, and strengthens the maneuverability of the protection of people out of prison. On the other hand, to realize the socialization of the execution of the sentence, the organization of protection of the person out of prison shall cooperate with the prison institution to extend the protection of the person out of prison to the period of his imprisonment, and socialize and re-socialize him. To avoid the formation of prison personality and enhance its social adaptability, to ensure its better return to society, so as to achieve the purpose of execution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926.7

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