【摘要】： 會(huì)見權(quán)既是律師一項(xiàng)重要權(quán)利,又是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的一項(xiàng)重要權(quán)利。新律師法通過后,這一權(quán)利再次引起人們的關(guān)注,并引發(fā)激烈討論。 律師會(huì)見權(quán)是指在刑事訴訟過程中,接受委托或法院指定的律師,自犯罪嫌疑人被偵查機(jī)關(guān)第一次訊問或者采取強(qiáng)制措施之日起,依法與犯罪嫌疑人、被告人會(huì)見交流的權(quán)利。律師會(huì)見權(quán)的內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)為信息溝通、意見協(xié)商、法律幫助、辯護(hù)行為。律師會(huì)見權(quán)是律師辯護(hù)權(quán)的衍生權(quán)利,是辯護(hù)權(quán)行使的前提性權(quán)利；是律師的對抗性權(quán)利、防御性權(quán)利；既是律師的執(zhí)業(yè)權(quán)利又是律師的訴訟權(quán)利。律師會(huì)見權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)有利于保障人權(quán),有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)訴訟正義,有利于保障律師依法獨(dú)立執(zhí)業(yè)、促進(jìn)律師業(yè)健康發(fā)展,有利于加強(qiáng)對偵查機(jī)關(guān)等專門機(jī)關(guān)的監(jiān)督,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)司法和諧、促進(jìn)和諧社會(huì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 我國刑事訴訟法、律師法、有關(guān)法規(guī)、司法解釋等都對律師會(huì)見權(quán)有相關(guān)規(guī)定,這些規(guī)定有不協(xié)調(diào)之處,同時(shí)與世界上主要法治發(fā)達(dá)國家差距較大,需要改進(jìn)。新律師法在律師會(huì)見權(quán)問題上的規(guī)定與舊律師法和刑事訴訟法相比有較大進(jìn)步性,表現(xiàn)在：明確規(guī)定會(huì)見權(quán)是律師的法定權(quán)利；將律師介入刑事訴訟的時(shí)間再度提前；律師會(huì)見不需要經(jīng)過批準(zhǔn)；律師會(huì)見不被監(jiān)聽。但仍有不足,表現(xiàn)在：規(guī)定較為籠統(tǒng),不少詞語含義不清晰;與刑事訴訟法不協(xié)調(diào)；缺乏對律師會(huì)見權(quán)進(jìn)行救濟(jì)和對侵害律師會(huì)見權(quán)的行為進(jìn)行制裁的規(guī)定。 實(shí)踐中,律師會(huì)見障礙多、作用小、形式化、權(quán)利救濟(jì)難。律師“會(huì)見難”主要表現(xiàn)在：偵查機(jī)關(guān)以涉及國家秘密拒絕會(huì)見；會(huì)見依法不需要批準(zhǔn)的卻被偵查機(jī)關(guān)要求要經(jīng)過批準(zhǔn)；偵查機(jī)關(guān)不及時(shí)安排會(huì)見；會(huì)見時(shí)間和次數(shù)受限制；會(huì)見時(shí)偵查機(jī)關(guān)派員在場監(jiān)聽；會(huì)見被限制談話內(nèi)容；會(huì)見條件差,達(dá)不到應(yīng)有效果等等。律師“會(huì)見難”原因主要有：法律規(guī)定不統(tǒng)一、不協(xié)調(diào)；思想觀念陳舊、落后；會(huì)見權(quán)立法先天不足；犯罪率居高不下,偵查水平低；控辯地位不平等,偵查機(jī)關(guān)權(quán)力較大；偵查權(quán)缺乏監(jiān)督、制約,會(huì)見權(quán)缺乏救濟(jì)；執(zhí)法力度不夠,對侵害律師會(huì)見權(quán)的行為處罰不到位等等。 解決律師“會(huì)見難”,保障律師會(huì)見權(quán)充分實(shí)現(xiàn),應(yīng)當(dāng)從以下幾個(gè)方面努力：1.轉(zhuǎn)變訴訟觀念,為律師會(huì)見權(quán)的完善提供思想保障：樹立“無罪推定”理念；樹立“以人為本”理念；樹立“司法和諧”理念；樹立正確、科學(xué)的偵查理念；樹立科學(xué)的刑事訴訟目的觀。2.完善法律規(guī)定,為律師會(huì)見權(quán)的完善法律保障：統(tǒng)一立法,將新《律師法》第33條規(guī)定進(jìn)一步細(xì)化；在法律上明確賦予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人會(huì)見權(quán)；取消會(huì)見審批制度,明確規(guī)定安排律師與在押犯罪嫌疑人會(huì)見是偵查機(jī)關(guān)的義務(wù)；取消會(huì)見時(shí)偵查機(jī)關(guān)派員在場權(quán),確立偵查機(jī)關(guān)告知義務(wù),賦予律師秘密會(huì)見權(quán)和會(huì)見犯罪嫌疑人、被告人時(shí)享有錄音、錄像、拍照權(quán)；確立審前法律援助制度；完善證據(jù)制度；逐步確立沉默權(quán)制度。3.加大執(zhí)法力度,為律師會(huì)見權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供救濟(jì)途徑：組織公安司法人員學(xué)習(xí)新律師法,以便正確貫徹實(shí)施；設(shè)立律師會(huì)見權(quán)救濟(jì)途徑；依法處理侵害律師會(huì)見權(quán)的公安司法人員；建立多層次、多渠道的律師維權(quán)路徑；充分利用公檢法三機(jī)關(guān)在辦理刑事案件中的相互制約機(jī)制；確立偵查機(jī)關(guān)在阻止律師依法會(huì)見的情況下所獲得的口供不能作為定案的依據(jù)制度。4.建立配套措施,為律師會(huì)見權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造條件：將看守所交由司法行政機(jī)關(guān)管理,改善看守所條件；提高偵查水平和偵查人員素質(zhì),加強(qiáng)對偵查人員的教育；加強(qiáng)對律師執(zhí)業(yè)行為的監(jiān)管；構(gòu)建法律職業(yè)共同體等。
[Abstract]:The right of meeting is not only an important right of lawyers, but also an important right of criminal suspects and defendants. After the adoption of the new law on lawyers, this right has aroused people's attention again and aroused heated discussion.
The lawyer's right of meeting refers to the right of meeting and communicating with the criminal suspect and the defendant in accordance with the law from the day when the criminal suspect is first interrogated or taken compulsory measures by the investigating organ. The contents of the lawyer's right of meeting are information communication, opinion consultation, legal help and defense. The lawyer's right of meeting is the derivative right of the lawyer's right of defense and the premise right of the lawyer's right of defense. It is the adversarial right and defensive right of the lawyer. It is not only the lawyer's right of practice but also the lawyer's litigation right. The realization of the lawyer's right of meeting is beneficial to the protection of human rights, the realization of litigation justice and the protection of lawyers according to law. Independent practice, promote the healthy development of the lawyer industry, is conducive to strengthening the supervision of the investigation organs and other specialized agencies, is conducive to achieving judicial harmony, and promote the realization of a harmonious society.
China's Criminal Procedure Law, Lawyer Law, relevant laws and regulations, judicial interpretation and so on all have relevant provisions on lawyer's right to meet. These provisions are inconsistent, and at the same time, there is a big gap between China and the developed countries with the rule of law in the world. The provisions of the new Lawyer Law on lawyer's right to meet have made great progress compared with the old Lawyer Law and the Criminal Procedure Law. Sex, manifested in: clearly stipulate the right to meet is the legal right of lawyers; intervene in criminal proceedings of lawyers again in advance; lawyers meet need not be approved; lawyers meet not be monitored. The right to carry out relief and sanctions against the right to interview lawyers.
In practice, lawyers meet with many obstacles, small role, formalization, right relief is difficult. The main reasons for lawyers'difficulty in meeting are: inconsistent and inconsistent legal provisions; obsolete and backward ideas; inadequate legislation on the right to meet; high crime rate, low level of investigation; and no status of prosecution and defense. Equality, investigative organs have greater power; investigative power is lack of supervision, restriction, the right to meet lack of relief; law enforcement is not strong enough to infringe on the right to meet lawyers in place of punishment and so on.
To solve the problem of lawyers'meeting and ensure the full realization of lawyers' meeting right, we should make efforts from the following aspects: 1. To change the concept of litigation and provide ideological guarantee for the perfection of lawyers'meeting right: to establish the concept of "presumption of innocence"; to establish the concept of "people-oriented"; to establish the concept of "judicial harmony"; to establish a correct and scientific investigation. 2. Perfect the legal provisions to guarantee the lawyers'right to meet: unify the legislation, further refine the provisions of Article 33 of the new Lawyer Law; clearly endow the criminal suspect with the right of meeting the defendant in law; abolish the system of meeting and approving, and clearly stipulate the arrangement of lawyers and criminal suspects in custody. It is the duty of the investigation organ to meet a person; cancel the right of the investigation organ to send members to be present at the meeting, establish the duty of the investigation organ to inform, endow the lawyer with the right of secret meeting and meet the criminal suspect, and the defendant with the right of recording, video recording and photographing; establish the legal aid system before trial; improve the evidence system; gradually establish the right of silence system.3. Increase the license. The law provides remedies for the realization of lawyers'right to meet: organizing public security judicial personnel to study the new law so as to implement it correctly; establishing remedies for lawyers' right to meet; dealing with public security judicial personnel who infringe on lawyers'right to meet in accordance with the law; establishing multi-level and multi-channel path for lawyers' right to meet; making full use of the three machines of public prosecution law To establish the system that the testimony obtained by the investigating organ under the condition of preventing the lawyer from meeting according to law can not be used as the basis for deciding the case. 4. To establish the supporting measures to create conditions for the realization of the lawyer's right to meet: to transfer the detention house to the judicial administrative organ to improve the conditions of the detention house; Investigation level and quality of investigators, strengthen the education of investigators, strengthen the supervision of lawyers'practice, and build a legal professional community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉輝;刑事訴訟律師會(huì)見權(quán)研究[D];山東大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2248507