【摘要】：在構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的大環(huán)境下,社會(huì)需要更為穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。而在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的條件下,民事糾紛廣泛存在。為了營(yíng)造和諧的社會(huì)環(huán)境,我們需要更為經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的糾紛解決機(jī)制。在眾多的民事糾紛解決機(jī)制中,人民調(diào)解制度,因其歷史悠久、適用廣泛的優(yōu)點(diǎn)被廣為推崇。人民調(diào)解解決糾紛的速度快,效果好,但人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的效力等問(wèn)題,一定程度上制約了人民調(diào)解制度的適用率,從而限制了人民調(diào)解制度效力的發(fā)揮。為了使人民調(diào)解制度能夠更好的發(fā)揮其解決民事糾紛的作用,各地紛紛對(duì)人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的效力問(wèn)題通過(guò)實(shí)踐進(jìn)行探索,以最大限度的提升人民調(diào)解制度解決糾紛的效用。 本文在對(duì)人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的適用范圍進(jìn)行探討的基礎(chǔ)之上提出人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的概念,進(jìn)而對(duì)其性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析,否定人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的合同性質(zhì),并在對(duì)人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的特點(diǎn)和效力現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)之上,提出完善人民調(diào)解協(xié)議效力制度的必要性和具體的完善建議,以達(dá)到確定人民調(diào)解協(xié)議效力、保證人民調(diào)解機(jī)制的作用的能夠得到有效發(fā)揮的作用。本文共分為三部分,第一部分人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的涵義、特征及意義,闡述了人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的涵義,認(rèn)為人民調(diào)解協(xié)議,就是在人民調(diào)解委員的主持下,依照國(guó)家法律法規(guī)、相關(guān)政策、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、社會(huì)道德等,在分析案情的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)糾紛雙方當(dāng)事人進(jìn)行調(diào)解,使雙方當(dāng)事人在平等自愿的基礎(chǔ)上達(dá)成一致的解決糾紛矛盾的辦法,并使之的書面化的文書。其次,對(duì)人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的特征及意義進(jìn)行有益的探索,認(rèn)定人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義是：人民調(diào)解協(xié)議司法確認(rèn)對(duì)構(gòu)建“大調(diào)解”機(jī)制有著克服人民調(diào)解局限性、節(jié)約司法資源、提高司法效率、建立多元化社會(huì)矛盾解決機(jī)制、維護(hù)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定和促進(jìn)社會(huì)管理創(chuàng)新有著積極的作用。第二部分主要分析與研究了人民調(diào)解協(xié)議制度的實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀,討論了有關(guān)人民調(diào)解的動(dòng)作機(jī)制現(xiàn)狀,人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的確認(rèn)機(jī)制和人民調(diào)解的執(zhí)行機(jī)制。第三部分闡述了人民調(diào)解協(xié)議制度的完善。首先是與訴訟相銜接的機(jī)制,其次是與政府職能部門的糾紛調(diào)解銜接機(jī)制,第三是《人民調(diào)解法》的司法解釋之建議等。筆者認(rèn)為,當(dāng)事人之間不管是就協(xié)議的履行還是就協(xié)議的內(nèi)容發(fā)生糾紛,只要該人民調(diào)解協(xié)議沒(méi)有強(qiáng)制效力,一方當(dāng)事人都可以就本來(lái)存在的糾紛矛盾向法院提起訴訟。當(dāng)然,如果能不進(jìn)行訴訟,能夠繼續(xù)或者再次通過(guò)人民調(diào)解委員會(huì)或者通過(guò)行政機(jī)關(guān)解決,則一樣既能達(dá)到解決糾紛又能維持當(dāng)事人和諧關(guān)系的狀態(tài),是最好的選擇。第二,針對(duì)已經(jīng)賦予強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力的人民調(diào)解協(xié)議產(chǎn)生糾紛。如果義務(wù)人不履行或者不完全履行約定的義務(wù),權(quán)利人都可向法院申請(qǐng)對(duì)已經(jīng)具有強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力的法律文書進(jìn)行強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行,而義務(wù)人如若認(rèn)為自己不該執(zhí)行或者繼續(xù)執(zhí)行已有強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力的法律文書,應(yīng)該向人民法院申請(qǐng)確認(rèn)其無(wú)效。在這樣的情況下,糾紛本身已經(jīng)不再成為問(wèn)題的焦點(diǎn)。而焦點(diǎn)在于人民調(diào)解協(xié)議的效力問(wèn)題。人民調(diào)解協(xié)議被法院賦予強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力之后本身效力已經(jīng)等同于法院的判決書,因此司法機(jī)關(guān)完全可以按照判決書的執(zhí)行方式實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。
[Abstract]:In order to create a harmonious social environment, we need a more economical and effective dispute resolution mechanism. Among the numerous civil dispute resolution mechanisms, the people's mediation system, because of its long history, is applicable. People's mediation can solve disputes quickly and effectively, but the validity of the people's mediation agreement restricts the application rate of the people's mediation system to a certain extent, thus limiting the effectiveness of the people's mediation system. In order to maximize the effectiveness of the people's mediation system in resolving disputes, various localities have explored the effectiveness of the people's mediation agreement through practice.
On the basis of discussing the scope of application of the people's mediation agreement, this paper puts forward the concept of the people's mediation agreement, then analyzes its nature, negates the contract nature of the people's mediation agreement, and on the basis of analyzing the characteristics and effectiveness of the people's mediation agreement, puts forward to improve the effectiveness system of the people's mediation agreement. This article is divided into three parts. The first part is the meaning, characteristics and significance of the people's mediation agreement. It expounds the meaning of the people's mediation agreement and holds that the people's mediation agreement is in fact the people's mediation agreement. Under the chairmanship of the People's Mediation Committee, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the state, relevant policies, customs, social morals, etc., the parties to a dispute are mediated on the basis of the analysis of the case, so that both parties can reach an agreement on the basis of equality and voluntariness on the solution of disputes and contradictions, and make it a written instrument. Second, for the people. This paper explores the characteristics and significance of mediation agreement, and holds that the practical significance of the people's mediation agreement is that the judicial confirmation of the people's mediation agreement can overcome the limitations of the people's mediation mechanism, save judicial resources, improve judicial efficiency, establish a pluralistic social contradiction resolution mechanism, maintain social harmony, stability and promotion. The second part mainly analyzes and studies the actuality of the people's mediation agreement system, discusses the actuality of the people's mediation mechanism, the confirmation mechanism of the people's mediation agreement and the execution mechanism of the people's mediation agreement. In my opinion, as long as the people's mediation agreement has no compulsory effect, one party can have a dispute between the parties, whether it is about the implementation of the agreement or the content of the agreement. Of course, if the dispute can be settled by the people's mediation committee or the administrative organ again without litigation, the best choice is to solve the dispute and maintain the harmonious relationship between the parties. If the obligor fails to fulfil or fails to fully fulfil his contracted obligations, the obligee may apply to the court for compulsory execution of the legal documents already enforceable, and if the obligor thinks that he should not carry out or continue to carry out the legal documents already enforceable, he shall apply to the court for compulsory execution of the legal documents. Under such circumstances, the dispute itself is no longer the focus of the problem. The focus is on the validity of the people's mediation agreement. After the people's mediation agreement has been given compulsory execution by the court, its validity is already equivalent to the court's judgment, so the judicial organ can completely comply with the judgment. Enforcement is carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D926

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