【摘要】：涉訴信訪問題由來已久,在其產(chǎn)生的時代背景下發(fā)揮了重要的作用。涉訴信訪本應隨著法治的不斷完善而逐漸消亡,但事實并非如此。當前隨著改革開放的不斷深入,各種利益關系的沖突及利益格局的不斷調整,一些深層次的問題不斷引發(fā)群眾的涉訴信訪活動,使得這一問題不斷激化。在我們大力建設社會主義法治國家的過程中,涉訴信訪并沒有隨著民事訴訟制度及程序的不斷完善而消解,相反卻被各種當事人爭相利用。涉訴信訪已然成為信訪的主要內容,這不僅困擾著各種糾紛的當事人,更困擾著各級司法機關。 本文試圖通過四部分的內容對涉訴信訪的功能定位進行評析并就其存在的問題提出相應的應對之策: 第一部分:對涉訴信訪問題進行綜述。作為文章的第一部分,首先探討涉訴信訪的內涵與特征,比較涉訴信訪與信訪、涉法信訪以及申請再審的不同,以此明確本文的研究對象。此部分將著重闡述涉訴信訪在法治背景下所體現(xiàn)出的理論上與實踐中的各種矛盾性,這種矛盾性主要表現(xiàn)為以下幾個方面:程序正義與實體正義,涉訴信訪與司法最終解決原則,涉訴信訪與司法權威,涉訴信訪功能的放大與實際實現(xiàn)權利救濟的比例,以及充分保障公民的信訪權與將涉訴信訪案件控制在基層之間。 第二部分:著重分析涉訴信訪在演變過程中表現(xiàn)出的問題及其原因分析。涉訴信訪在演變過程中日益表現(xiàn)出更多的技術性、專業(yè)性以及投機性,無理上訪的案件不斷增多,涉訴信訪案件在終結上更是日益困難。筆者認為涉訴信訪的日益扭曲是在以下方面的共同作用下形成的:人們對于經(jīng)濟利益的過分追求,法院信訪基金的不當作用,程序外各種因素對涉訴信訪的影響等,但最為根本的原因是涉訴信訪在功能定位上的偏差,正是涉訴信訪在功能定位上的偏差才使得涉訴信訪問題變得愈發(fā)棘手。 第三部分:評述涉訴信訪的各種功能。在這一部分中,首先簡要分析信訪制度的歷史演變過程,并由此引出涉訴信訪所具有的四大功能——“參政議政”、“民主監(jiān)督”、“糾紛解決”、“權利救濟”。并通過對各種功能的深入分析得出以下結論:涉訴信訪問題的有效解決有賴于涉訴信訪功能的回歸——即不斷弱化其“糾紛解決”與“權利救濟”的功能,不斷使涉訴信訪回歸到“參政議政”與“民主監(jiān)督”的功能上來。 第四部分:針對目前涉訴信訪在實踐中存在的問題提出應對之策。學界對于涉訴信訪這一問題所提出的應對之策頗多,與他人提出的加強對涉訴信訪的程序控制不同,筆者認為更應當通過完善多元化糾紛解決方式以及完善程序分流下的判決說理兩個方面解決涉訴信訪問題。在涉訴信訪功能回歸的前提下通過完善大調解機制,探索民間糾紛解決途徑,在民事糾紛司法最終解決原則的基礎上保障各種糾紛解決方式的有效運作及恰當銜接,通過加強對各種非訴途徑的人力、物力投入及不斷完善各種非訴方式的制度和程序等措施,不斷優(yōu)化多元化的糾紛解決模式,擴大糾紛解決與權利救濟的途徑及方式;通過調解程序等對民事訴訟程序進行有效分流的基礎上,強化法官的判決說理工作,重新樹立司法的權威性。通過這兩個方面的共同努力,才能有效解決目前涉訴信訪中出現(xiàn)的問題。
[Abstract]:The issue of complaint-related letters and visits has a long history and played an important role in the background of its emergence. The complaint-related letters and visits should have gradually disappeared with the continuous improvement of the rule of law, but this is not the case. In the process of building a socialist country ruled by law, complaints and visits concerning lawsuits have not been resolved with the continuous improvement of civil litigation system and procedures, but have been used by various parties. The parties perplexing all kinds of disputes are even more perplexing the judicial organs at all levels.
This paper tries to analyze the function of complaint and visit in litigation through four parts and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to the problems.
As the first part of the article, it first discusses the connotation and characteristics of complaint-related petitions, compares the differences between complaint-related petitions and petitions, legal-related petitions and applications for retrial, so as to clarify the object of this study. This part will focus on the theoretical aspects of complaint-related petitions in the context of the rule of law. This contradiction is mainly manifested in the following aspects: procedural justice and substantive justice, the principle of final settlement of litigation-related petitions and judicial authority, the enlargement of the function of litigation-related petitions and petitions and the proportion of the actual realization of rights relief, and the full protection of citizens'right to petitions and petitions involving litigation-related cases. The parts are controlled between the grass-roots units.
The second part focuses on the analysis of the problems and their causes in the evolution of petitions involving litigation. In the process of evolution, petitions involving litigation show more and more technical, professional and speculative, unreasonable petitions are increasing, and petitions involving litigation are increasingly difficult to terminate. The distortion is formed under the joint effect of the following aspects: people's excessive pursuit of economic interests, the inappropriate use of the court petition fund, the influence of various factors outside the procedure on petition involving litigation, etc., but the most fundamental reason is the deviation of the function orientation of petition involving litigation, which is the deviation of the function orientation of petition involving litigation. Complaint letters and visits have become more and more difficult.
The third part: Comments on the various functions of the complaint-related petition system. In this part, first of all, a brief analysis of the historical evolution process of the complaint-related petition system, and thus leads to the four major functions of the complaint-related petition system - "participation in politics and deliberation", "democratic supervision", "dispute resolution" and "rights relief". Through in-depth analysis of the various functions to come to the conclusion. The conclusion is that the effective solution to the problem depends on the return of the function of complaint and visit, that is, the function of "dispute resolution" and "right relief" is weakened constantly, and the function of "participation in politics and deliberation" and "democratic supervision" is returned to the function of complaint and visit.
Part IV: In view of the problems existing in the practice of complaint-related petitions and visits at present, there are many countermeasures to deal with this problem in academic circles, which are different from other people's proposals to strengthen the procedural control of complaint-related petitions and visits. The author thinks that we should improve the diversified dispute resolution methods and perfect the procedural diversion. On the premise of returning to the function of complaint-related letters and visits, we should improve the mechanism of mediation, explore the ways of solving civil disputes, guarantee the effective operation and proper connection of various dispute resolution methods on the basis of the principle of judicial final settlement of civil disputes, and strengthen various non-litigation channels. Manpower, material resources and constantly improve the various non-litigation systems and procedures, and constantly optimize the diversified mode of dispute resolution, expand the channels and means of dispute resolution and rights relief; through the mediation process on the basis of effective diversion of civil proceedings, strengthen the judges'reasoning work, re-establish the Division The authoritativeness of the law. Only through the joint efforts of these two aspects can we effectively solve the problems in the current complaint-related letters and visits.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926

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