【摘要】：英國法能夠保持其歷史連續(xù)性的原因是多樣的,但其中極為重要的一點,在于英國法在發(fā)展過程中,能適時地放棄或改造一些已經(jīng)被證明是阻礙其發(fā)展的傳統(tǒng)因素,調(diào)整自身以適應(yīng)時代的需要。 十九世紀,面對壓倒一切的工業(yè)化力量,若不及時消除司法制度中不合時宜的中世紀因素,使之系統(tǒng)、高效,則很難避免顛覆性的后果。因此,在整個十九世紀,各種形式的司法改革貫穿始終,而改革達到頂峰的標志,是1873年至1875年《司法條例》的頒布與實施。本文圍繞《條例》自籌劃至實施的全過程進行論述,試圖梳理出傳統(tǒng)法律制度為順應(yīng)時代而進行調(diào)整的軌跡,對于保持改革過程中傳統(tǒng)與革新之間的平衡,或許能有所啟發(fā)。 本文的第一章,先簡單介紹了十九世紀英國的社會背景,表現(xiàn)了工業(yè)革命對傳統(tǒng)社會制度造成的壓力,及英國為緩解這一壓力所進行的一系列制度改革。之后,概述了十九世紀初英國的司法狀況,分析了傳統(tǒng)司法制度的缺陷:主要在于各法院管轄權(quán)邊界模糊、程序繁復(fù)拘于形式、普通法與衡平法在實踐中的沖突,從而指出改革已經(jīng)勢在必行。最后,扼要說明了邊沁的功利主義法學思想對司法改革的推動作用。 本文的第二章,圍繞各個時期的司法委員會對改革方案的討論與實踐,展現(xiàn)了改革家們對改革路徑的探索過程。首先,是法院內(nèi)部的調(diào)整與嘗試性的簡化程序改革。隨后,改革的重心落在了普通法與衡平法的融合。然而,坎貝爾司法委員會提出以普通法為中心的改革方案遭到了失敗。最終,各方通過妥協(xié)達成了一致方案,成為《司法條例》的藍本。 第三、第四章是本文的重點部分。其中,對《司法條例》及相關(guān)的改革措施進行了較為詳細的闡述與探討�！稐l例》通過將各法院合并為最高法院(包括高等法院與上訴法院),基本解決了法院之間的管轄權(quán)沖突問題。同時,各普通法法院與衡平法院在最高法院中,也保留了自身原有的印記。此外,《條例》進一步簡化了程序,廢除了令狀及與之相對應(yīng)的訴訟格式。然而,最高法院在運行過程中仍顯現(xiàn)出不少問題,改革家們遂制定了統(tǒng)一程序規(guī)則,以促進普通法與衡平法程序上的融合。通過法院組織與程序的融合,最終達成了兩種法律的融合,但這種融合并未帶來太多實體法上的改變。 本文的第五章,分析了《司法條例》及相關(guān)改革的成就與不足。《條例》使位于倫敦的中央法院系統(tǒng)得到改善,并使整個國家的司法制度獲得了長遠的利益,但在地方司法改革上卻少有作為,也未能完全解決傳統(tǒng)司法制度遺留的弊病。盡管存在不同的評價,然而《條例》體現(xiàn)出既傾向保守又能夠妥協(xié)的務(wù)實精神。正是這種務(wù)實的理性,使英國在整個十九世紀司法改革中維持了傳統(tǒng)與革新的平衡,英國法的獨特風格也因此得以延續(xù)。
[Abstract]:There are many reasons why English law can maintain its historical continuity, but one of the most important is that in the course of its development, it can abandon or reform some traditional factors which have been proved to be obstacles to its development and adjust itself to meet the needs of the times.
In the nineteenth century, in the face of overwhelming industrialism, it was difficult to avoid subversive consequences if unseasonable medieval factors in the judicial system were not eliminated in a timely manner to make it systematic and efficient. Thus, throughout the nineteenth century, various forms of judicial reform ran through the whole process, and the culmination of the reform was marked by the judicial provisions of 1873-1875. This paper discusses the whole process from the planning to the implementation of the Regulations, and tries to sort out the track of the adjustment of the traditional legal system to conform to the times. It may be enlightening to maintain the balance between tradition and innovation in the process of reform.
In the first chapter, the author briefly introduces the social background of Britain in the nineteenth century, shows the pressure of the Industrial Revolution on the traditional social system, and a series of institutional reforms in Britain to relieve the pressure. Then, the author summarizes the judicial situation of Britain in the early nineteenth century and analyzes the defects of the traditional judicial system. The jurisdiction boundary of the court is blurred, the procedure is complicated and formalized, and the conflict between the common law and the equity law in practice points out that the reform is imperative. Finally, the paper briefly illustrates the impetus of Bentham's utilitarian jurisprudence to the judicial reform.
In the second chapter of this paper, around the discussion and practice of the reform plan of the judicial committee in various periods, the reformers explore the reform path. First, it is the adjustment within the court and the attempt to simplify the procedural reform. The proposed common law-centered reform failed, and eventually the parties reached an agreement through compromise, which became the blueprint of the Judicial Ordinance.
Thirdly, the fourth chapter is the key part of this paper, in which the Judicial Ordinance and related reform measures are elaborated and discussed in detail. by merging the courts into the Supreme Court (including the High Court and the Court of Appeal), the conflict of jurisdiction between the courts is basically solved. At the same time, the common law courts and equity. In addition, the Ordinance further simplifies the procedure and abolishes the writ and the corresponding litigation format. However, there are still many problems in the operation of the Supreme Court, and reformers have formulated uniform procedural rules to facilitate the integration of common law and equity procedures. Through the integration of court organization and procedure, the two kinds of laws are finally integrated, but this integration does not bring about much change in substantive law.
In the fifth chapter, the author analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of the Judicial Ordinance and the related reforms, which have improved the central court system in London and made the whole country's judicial system gain long-term benefits, but have done little in the local judicial reform, and have not completely solved the problems left over by the traditional judicial system. In different opinions, however, the Ordinance embodies a pragmatic spirit of conservatism and compromise. It is this pragmatic rationality that kept the balance between tradition and innovation in the judicial reform of Britain throughout the nineteenth century, and consequently the unique style of English law was continued.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D956.1;DD916

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相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

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本文編號：2202036

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