【摘要】：我國的刑事司法實踐中存在著比較嚴重的量刑偏差現(xiàn)象。量刑偏差產生的原因主要包括刑法規(guī)定不具體、估堆式量刑方法不科學、內外因對審判人員的影響以及刑事政策和地域等因素的影響等。量刑規(guī)范化改革對減少量刑偏差具有極為重要的意義。 從我國的司法傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),量刑改革應當先從實體路徑入手,再完善量刑程序,最終實現(xiàn)規(guī)范化的量刑。要探索量刑規(guī)范化的實體路徑,必須首先明確我國量刑過程中的實體問題。我國量刑過程中存在的實體問題主要有三個大的方面,一是量刑依據(jù)不完善,二是量刑方法存在問題,三是量刑情節(jié)體系不完備導致法官量刑時適用困難。國內已有的研究和實踐做法為我們量刑規(guī)范化改革提供了借鑒和經驗,同時,美國、英國、德國等西方法治發(fā)達國家對量刑依據(jù)、量刑模式和量刑方法的有益探索與嘗試也能夠為我國量刑規(guī)范化改革提供重要的啟示和參考。 我國量刑規(guī)范化實體路徑主要包括以下幾個方面： 第一,確立和完善量刑基準。我國應對量刑基準確立的主體和步驟做出規(guī)定。量刑基準的完善應注意以下三個方面：一是明確規(guī)定全面評價原則和禁止重復評價原則；二是細化現(xiàn)行刑法的法定刑幅度,增強刑罰裁量規(guī)則的層次性；三是制定適合我國具體情況的量刑指導規(guī)則。 第二,完善量刑情節(jié)。完善量刑情節(jié),既包括對作為量刑依據(jù)的量刑情節(jié)的細化,又涉及對法官量刑時對量刑情節(jié)的選擇和適用方法的改進。具體而言,是在立法中明確“情節(jié)”的內涵和外延；二是將酌定量刑情節(jié)法定化；三是兼顧量刑情節(jié)的內容、功能及效力；四是正確處理社會輿論與量刑情節(jié)的關系。 第三,構建刑事案例指導量刑制度。與其他案例指導制度相比,刑事案例指導制度具有特殊性,刑事案例指導量刑制度的建立是彌補刑事成文法的缺陷的重要途徑,也是我國刑事審判實踐的現(xiàn)實需要。我國應當從創(chuàng)制主體、案例遴選、案例的公布和廢止、案例的援引以及制度的監(jiān)督等方面入手,全方位構建刑事案例指導量刑制度。 在上述基礎上,以量刑基準的設立為根本,通過對量刑情節(jié)的細化,再加上發(fā)布刑事案例以指導量刑,形成三者之間的協(xié)調機制。
[Abstract]:In our country's criminal judicial practice, there is a serious phenomenon of sentencing deviation. The causes of sentencing deviation mainly include the unspecific provisions of criminal law, the unscientific method of sentencing, the influence of internal and external factors on the judges, the influence of criminal policy and regional factors, and so on. The reform of sentencing standardization is of great significance to reduce the deviation of sentencing. Proceeding from the judicial tradition and present situation of our country, the reform of sentencing should start with the substantive path, then perfect the sentencing procedure, and finally realize the standardized sentencing. In order to explore the substantive path of sentencing standardization, we must first clarify the substantive issues in the process of sentencing in China. There are three main substantive problems in the process of sentencing in our country, one is that the sentencing basis is not perfect, the other is the problem of sentencing method, and the third is the difficulty of applying the sentence to the judge due to the incomplete sentencing circumstances system. Domestic existing research and practice practices have provided us with reference and experience for the reform of sentencing standardization. Meanwhile, the United States, Britain, Germany and other developed countries with the rule of law in the west have adopted the sentencing basis. The beneficial exploration and attempt of sentencing mode and method can also provide important inspiration and reference for the reform of sentencing standardization in our country. Our country sentencing standardization entity path mainly includes the following several aspects: first, establishes and consummates the sentencing standard. Our country should stipulate the subject and steps of establishing the standard of sentencing. The following three aspects should be paid attention to in the perfection of sentencing benchmark: first, the principle of comprehensive evaluation and the principle of prohibiting repeated evaluation should be clearly stipulated; second, the statutory penalty range of current criminal law should be refined, and the hierarchy of penalty discretion rules should be enhanced. Third, the formulation of sentencing guidance rules suitable for China's specific circumstances. Second, perfect the circumstances of sentencing. Perfecting the circumstances of sentencing includes the refinement of the circumstances of sentencing as the basis of sentencing, and the improvement of the choice of circumstances and applicable methods of sentencing for judges. Specifically, it is to clarify the connotation and extension of "circumstances" in legislation; second, to legalize discretionary circumstances of sentencing; third, to take into account the content, function and effectiveness of circumstances of sentencing; and fourth, to correctly handle the relationship between public opinion and circumstances of sentencing. Third, the construction of criminal cases to guide sentencing system. Compared with other cases guidance system, criminal case guidance system has its particularity. The establishment of criminal case guidance sentencing system is an important way to make up for the defects of criminal statute law, and is also the practical need of our country's criminal trial practice. China should start from the aspects of creation subject, case selection, publication and annulment of cases, invocation of cases and supervision of system, so as to construct the sentencing system of criminal cases in all directions. On the basis of above, the establishment of sentencing benchmark as the fundamental, through the refinement of sentencing circumstances, plus the release of criminal cases to guide sentencing, the formation of the coordination mechanism between the three.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926;D924.13

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本文編號：2198425