【摘要】：“權(quán)利與善”的理論是倫理學(xué)的基本問(wèn)題，它是義務(wù)論和目的論的分水嶺。義務(wù)論主張權(quán)利優(yōu)先于善，而目的論堅(jiān)持善優(yōu)先于權(quán)利。筆者通過(guò)對(duì)二者的比較分析，認(rèn)為在司法領(lǐng)域應(yīng)當(dāng)貫徹權(quán)利優(yōu)先于善的原則。目前，，中國(guó)司法的“病態(tài)”百出，其重要原因在于司法對(duì)善的考量?jī)?yōu)先于對(duì)權(quán)利的考量。因此，我國(guó)的司法目前亟需一劑“良藥”，那就是堅(jiān)持“權(quán)利優(yōu)先于善”的原則，這要求在司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)權(quán)利的考量要優(yōu)先于對(duì)善的考量，個(gè)人權(quán)利絕不能受制于善的權(quán)衡和壓制。只有這樣，我們才能樹(shù)立司法權(quán)威，確保司法獨(dú)立，實(shí)現(xiàn)司法公正。 除了引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外，本文的內(nèi)容主要分為三個(gè)部分。 第一部分簡(jiǎn)要地闡述了權(quán)利與善的理論，對(duì)權(quán)利和善的概念進(jìn)行了界定，并且對(duì)權(quán)利與善的紛爭(zhēng)進(jìn)行了梳理和評(píng)價(jià)，最后對(duì)司法中的權(quán)利與善進(jìn)行價(jià)值排位，并將權(quán)利優(yōu)先的理論引入中國(guó)的司法研究之中。 第二部分闡述了善優(yōu)先原則所表現(xiàn)的病癥，具體包括：民意審判、能動(dòng)司法和“大調(diào)解”機(jī)制。此部分詳細(xì)論述了三種病癥產(chǎn)生的具體原因及所追求的善，這些善包括：公眾目的、政治目的、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和效率。同時(shí)指出這種“善優(yōu)先”的司法原則所產(chǎn)生的弊端，包括侵犯?jìng)�(gè)人權(quán)利、損害司法獨(dú)立和強(qiáng)化人治等。 第三部分結(jié)合權(quán)利與善的理論，分析了中國(guó)的司法為什么應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持權(quán)利優(yōu)先于善的原則，并且提出權(quán)利應(yīng)優(yōu)先于作為公眾目的的善，權(quán)利應(yīng)優(yōu)先于作為政治目的的善，權(quán)利應(yīng)優(yōu)先于作為經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的善，權(quán)利應(yīng)優(yōu)先于作為效率的善。并且就如何確保權(quán)利優(yōu)先于這些善，提出了相關(guān)的制度設(shè)計(jì)和規(guī)劃。
[Abstract]:The theory of "right and goodness" is the basic problem of ethics, and it is the watershed between duty theory and teleology. The theory of obligation claims that right takes precedence over good, while teleology insists that good takes precedence over right. Through the comparative analysis of the two, the author thinks that the right should take precedence over the good in the judicial field. At present, the judicial "morbid" in China is mainly due to the priority of the judicial consideration of the good over the consideration of the right. Therefore, the administration of justice in our country is in urgent need of a dose of "good medicine", that is, to adhere to the principle of "right taking precedence over good", which requires that the consideration of rights should take precedence over the consideration of good in judicial practice. Individual rights must not be subject to good weighing and suppression. Only in this way can we establish judicial authority, ensure judicial independence and realize judicial justice. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the content of this paper is divided into three parts. The first part briefly expounds the theory of right and good, defines the concept of right and goodness, combs and evaluates the dispute between right and good, and finally ranks the value of right and good in the judicature. And introduce the theory of right priority into the judicial research of China. The second part describes the symptoms of the principle of good priority, including: public opinion trial, active justice and "great mediation" mechanism. This part discusses in detail the specific causes of the three diseases and the pursuit of good, including: public purposes, political purposes, economic benefits and efficiency. At the same time, it points out the malpractice of the judicial principle of "good first", including infringing individual rights, harming judicial independence and strengthening the rule of man. The third part, combining the theory of right and good, analyzes why Chinese judicature should insist on the principle that right takes precedence over good, and puts forward that right should take precedence over good as public purpose, and right should take precedence over good as political purpose. Rights should take precedence over good as economic interests, and rights should take precedence over good as efficiency. And how to ensure that rights take precedence over these good, put forward the relevant system design and planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D926

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