【摘要】：判例制度在彌補(bǔ)我國制定法的不足,實(shí)現(xiàn)司法公正等方面具有積極作用。我國法學(xué)界曾就是否要引進(jìn)判例制度產(chǎn)生過廣泛而激烈的討論,如今,引入判例制度建立具有中國特色的成文法與判例法相結(jié)合的司法體系已成為大多數(shù)學(xué)者的共識。我國目前司法實(shí)踐中急需判例來補(bǔ)充現(xiàn)有的漏洞,但制度上我國目前仍未建立起相應(yīng)的判例制度。因此,構(gòu)建一套完整的適合中國國情的判例制度,不論在理論上還是實(shí)踐中就顯得意義重大。判例制度不同于判例法,我國要構(gòu)建的是判例制度,而不是照搬普通法系的判例法。 本文從彌補(bǔ)制定法,政策法的缺陷,促進(jìn)司法水平的提高,以及其他大陸法系國家引進(jìn)判例制度的實(shí)踐等方面論證了我國建立判例制度的客觀需要。從兩大法系相互借鑒與吸收的發(fā)展趨勢以及我國的實(shí)踐尤其是最高人民法院的案例指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐,地方法院對判例制度的探索實(shí)踐等方面論證了我國建立判例制度的現(xiàn)實(shí)可能。我國已經(jīng)實(shí)行了很多年的案例指導(dǎo)制度,案例指導(dǎo)制度實(shí)行多年來積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),不僅為我國判例制度的建立起了先行者的作用而且也在一定程度上證明了在我國現(xiàn)有體制下是有可能引入判例制度的,對今后我國建立判例制度具有很大的參考價(jià)值。而且近年來我國一些地方法院也開始實(shí)踐各種先例指導(dǎo)制度,比如河南省鄭州市中原區(qū)人民法院的先例判決制度,四川省成都市中級人民法院的示范性案例制度,天津市高級人民法院的判例指導(dǎo)制度。這些地方法院的實(shí)踐對我國未來判例制度的建設(shè)也做出了積極的探索和提供了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 本文從豐富的訴訟訴求,完備的司法組織,規(guī)范的司法活動(dòng)三個(gè)方面論述了我國當(dāng)前已具備了創(chuàng)制判例制度的社會條件。 從判例的創(chuàng)制前提,創(chuàng)制主體,創(chuàng)制條件,創(chuàng)制程序,廢除的程序等方面分析了我國判例的創(chuàng)制制度。只有在案件缺乏成文法裁判規(guī)則以及裁判規(guī)則具有指導(dǎo)價(jià)值時(shí)才可以創(chuàng)制判例。判例來源應(yīng)為最高人民法院公報(bào)發(fā)布的案例,應(yīng)當(dāng)由最高人民法院公布案例,作為公布案例的法定機(jī)關(guān),各級法院應(yīng)將符合條件的案例整理后逐級報(bào)送到最高法院,由最高法院審定公布的可以作為判例使用。文中對判例的創(chuàng)判程序進(jìn)行了具體論述,由判例的制作,判例的報(bào)送,判例的審定,判例公布及備案等方面組成。 從判例適用的前提條件,判例適用的原則,判例適用的技術(shù)等方面分析了我國判例的適用制度。判例并不是在任何情況下都要適用,只有在缺乏有效的制定法規(guī)范具有相似的案件事實(shí)和存在具體的判例規(guī)則時(shí)才可以適用判例。在適用判例時(shí)應(yīng)以遵循判例為原則以排除判例為例外。法官在適用判例時(shí)還應(yīng)注意判例技術(shù)的運(yùn)用,本文從案情比較,選擇判例,判例規(guī)則的引用,背離報(bào)告制度等幾個(gè)方面論述了判例適用的技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:The system of case law plays an active role in making up the deficiency of our country's law and realizing judicial justice. There has been extensive and intense discussion on whether to introduce the case law system in our country. Nowadays, it has become the consensus of most scholars to introduce the case law system to establish the judicial system with the combination of written law and case law with Chinese characteristics. The judicial practice in our country urgently needs the precedent to supplement the existing loophole, but the corresponding precedent system has not been established in our country at present. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a complete system of case law suitable for China's national conditions, both in theory and in practice. The case system is different from the case law. What our country should construct is the case system, not the case law of the common law system. This paper demonstrates the objective need of establishing the case system in China from the aspects of making up the defects of the law, the policy law, promoting the improvement of the judicial level, and the practice of introducing the case system in other countries of continental law system. From the development trend of mutual reference and absorption between the two legal systems, the practice of our country, especially the practice of the case guidance of the Supreme people's Court, and the practice of exploring the case system of the local courts, this paper demonstrates the realistic possibility of establishing the precedent system in our country. Our country has implemented the case guidance system for many years, which has accumulated rich experience and lessons over the years. It not only acts as a forerunner for the establishment of our country's precedent system, but also proves to a certain extent that it is possible to introduce the case law system under the present system of our country, which has great reference value for the establishment of the precedent system in our country in the future. Moreover, in recent years, some local courts in our country have also begun to practice various precedent guidance systems, such as the precedent judgment system of the people's court in the Zhongyuan District of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, and the exemplary case system of the Chengdu Intermediate people's Court in Sichuan Province. The precedent guidance system of Tianjin higher people's Court. The practice of these local courts has also made a positive exploration and provided valuable experience to the construction of our country's future precedent system. This paper discusses the social conditions of the precedent system in our country from three aspects: abundant litigation demands, complete judicial organization and standardized judicial activities. This paper analyzes the system of precedent creation in our country from the aspects of precedent creation premise, creation subject, creation condition, creation procedure, annulment procedure and so on. Only in the absence of statutory rules of adjudication and when the rules of adjudication have guiding value can the case be created. The source of the case shall be the case published in the bulletin of the Supreme people's Court, and the case shall be published by the Supreme people's Court. As the statutory organ for the publication of the case, the courts at all levels shall sort out the cases that meet the requirements and submit them to the Supreme Court one by one, Published by the Supreme Court may be used as a precedent. In this paper, the procedure of creating and judging the case is discussed in detail, which is composed of the making of the case, the reporting of the case, the examination of the case, the publication of the case and the filing of the case. This paper analyzes the applicable system of our country's case from the precondition of case application, the principle of case application and the technology of case application. The case law is not applicable in any case. It can only be applied when there are similar facts and specific case rules in the absence of effective statutory law. In the application of the case law, the principle of following the case law should be followed and the exception of the case law should be excluded. The judge should also pay attention to the application of the case technology in the application of the case law. This paper discusses the applicable technology of the case law from several aspects, such as the comparison of the case, the selection of the case law, the quoting of the case rules, the deviation from the reporting system, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D925;D926.2

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

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本文編號：2189721