【摘要】：環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定,是指在環(huán)境侵權訴訟活動中,依法取得有關環(huán)境司法鑒定資格的鑒定機構和鑒定人,接受法院或當事人委托,依據(jù)環(huán)境保護法律法規(guī)和有關國家、部門、行業(yè)標準以及有關環(huán)境科學知識,對影響環(huán)境的物理指標、化學指標和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)等環(huán)境侵權糾紛訴訟涉及的專門性、專業(yè)性問題進行檢驗、鑒別和判斷,并向法庭提供鑒定意見的活動。近年來,我國環(huán)境形勢嚴峻,環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞現(xiàn)象觸目驚心,由此而導致的環(huán)境糾紛案件也急劇攀升。各地法院順勢而為,紛紛設立了專門性的環(huán)境保護審判機構,意欲集中審理各類環(huán)境案件。然而,環(huán)境侵權的受害人真正通過訴訟途徑解決問題的情況卻少之又少。其中重要的原因就是我國環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定立法的嚴重滯后,以及學術研究成果的極度匱乏,導致了實務中環(huán)境侵權案件立案難、舉證難、定損難以及責任認定難的局面。本文試圖在考察兩大法系環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定制度和實踐,并分析我們環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定現(xiàn)狀和存在問題的基礎上,提出可行性建議和立法構想。本文分引言、正文和結語三個部分。引言部分,主要是引出問題,并簡要分析我國環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定的現(xiàn)實狀況和問題,并簡要闡述了我國環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定的立法狀況和學術研究情況。第一章,關于環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定的基本理論。筆者主要分析了環(huán)境侵權的概念和特征,司法鑒定的概念、特征、分類、原則以及鑒定意見的證據(jù)屬性,環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定的概念、特征、內容、層次及研究內容。第二章,我國環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀。通過對環(huán)境形勢嚴峻導致環(huán)境糾紛頻發(fā),但通過訴訟途徑解決的卻比較少這個現(xiàn)實矛盾和困惑,筆者詳細分析了我國鑒定機構的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及現(xiàn)行環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定制度。第三章,我國環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定之完善。在前文對現(xiàn)狀分析的基礎上,筆者探討了我國環(huán)境侵權司法鑒定制度存在的諸多問題。通過調研和文獻研究的方法,分析了我國個別法院審理環(huán)境侵權案件的實踐創(chuàng)新。針對現(xiàn)存問題和實踐創(chuàng)新,結合兩大法系的環(huán)境司法鑒定制度和實踐,從立法、鑒定管理、鑒定實施、鑒定責任以及鑒定意見適用等角度提出了一些完善我國環(huán)境侵權訴訟法律制度的立法構想。
[Abstract]:Judicial identification of environmental tort means that in environmental tort litigation activities, institutions and experts who have obtained the qualification for environmental judicial expertise in accordance with the law accept the entrustment of the court or the parties and, in accordance with the laws and regulations of environmental protection and the relevant countries and departments, Industry standards and relevant environmental scientific knowledge, to examine, identify and judge the specific and professional issues involved in environmental tort litigation such as physical indicators, chemical indicators and ecosystems that affect the environment, And providing an expert opinion to the Tribunal. In recent years, the environmental situation of our country is severe, the phenomenon of environmental pollution and ecological destruction is shocking, and the cases of environmental disputes caused by this phenomenon also rise sharply. According to the trend, local courts have set up specialized environmental protection judicial institutions to try all kinds of environmental cases. However, the victims of environmental infringement really through the way of litigation to solve the problem is rare. One of the important reasons is the serious lag of the legislation of judicial identification of environmental tort in our country, and the extremely lack of academic research results, which leads to the difficulty of filing environmental tort cases in practice, the difficulty of proof, the difficulty of determining damage and the difficulty of determining liability. On the basis of investigating the system and practice of judicial identification of environmental tort in two legal systems, and analyzing the present situation and existing problems of judicial identification of environmental tort, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions and legislative ideas. This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. In the preface part, it mainly introduces the problems, and briefly analyzes the current situation and problems of the judicial identification of environmental tort in China, and briefly expounds the legislative situation and academic research of the judicial expertise of environmental tort in China. The first chapter is about the basic theory of environmental tort judicial identification. The author mainly analyzes the concept and characteristics of environmental tort, the concept, characteristics, classification, principles and evidential attributes of appraisal opinions, and the concept, characteristics, contents, levels and research contents of environmental tort judicial identification. The second chapter, the development and present situation of environmental tort judicial identification in China. Through the serious environmental situation leading to frequent environmental disputes, but through the way of litigation to solve a relatively few of this realistic contradiction and confusion, the author analyzed in detail the status quo of the development of our country's authentication institutions and the current system of judicial identification of environmental tort. The third chapter, our country environment torts the judicial appraisal consummation. On the basis of the analysis of the present situation, the author discusses the problems existing in the judicial identification system of environmental tort in China. By means of investigation and literature research, this paper analyzes the practice innovation of environmental tort cases in individual courts in China. Aiming at the existing problems and practice innovation, combining the environmental judicial identification system and practice of the two legal systems, from the legislation, appraisal management, appraisal implementation, This paper puts forward some legislative ideas to perfect the legal system of environmental tort litigation in China from the point of view of appraising responsibility and the application of appraisal opinions.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923;D926

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相關期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2178013