本文選題：上海 + 司法體制　； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：始于20世紀(jì)80年代末以改革法院民事審判庭審方式為先導(dǎo)，以1997年黨的十五大報(bào)告中正式提出推進(jìn)司法改革為標(biāo)志，中國司法體制和工作機(jī)制改革正式拉開帷幕，并延續(xù)至今。上海作為海派文化的發(fā)源地，自開埠以來就處于中西文化交鋒交融的第一線，最早引入近現(xiàn)代司法理念和西方法治模式，新世紀(jì)以來又一直在為建設(shè)國際金融中心和國際航運(yùn)中心而持續(xù)努力，在司法體制機(jī)制改革領(lǐng)域有許多可圈可點(diǎn)之處。一是它不可避免地是整個(gè)國家司法體制改革的組成部分，表現(xiàn)出鮮明地自上而下推進(jìn)的色彩，展現(xiàn)了國家頂層設(shè)計(jì)的強(qiáng)力和權(quán)威；另一方面，它卻是許多改革措施的肇始之地，許多適應(yīng)上海司法實(shí)踐需求，在上海司法機(jī)關(guān)工作中自發(fā)萌生的創(chuàng)新舉措，經(jīng)過上海這塊法治土地的滋潤和檢驗(yàn)，逐漸為全國所了解和認(rèn)可，并隨之被最高立法機(jī)關(guān)或最高司法機(jī)關(guān)向全國推廣，引發(fā)司法體制改革大潮中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)浪花甚至波瀾。 司法體制改革只有起點(diǎn)，沒有終點(diǎn)。要把上海建設(shè)成為社會(huì)主義法治城市，有必要系統(tǒng)梳理上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革的歷史進(jìn)程，從中找出規(guī)律性的改革動(dòng)機(jī)和發(fā)展趨向，繼續(xù)努力成為中國司法改革的試驗(yàn)田和排頭兵。為此，本文分八章對上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革進(jìn)行研究。 第一章是關(guān)于上海司法領(lǐng)域改革歷程的歷史考察。研究1997年以來上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革，并不能割裂此前上海發(fā)生的司法改革。建國以來上海人民司法事業(yè)從無到有，盡管經(jīng)歷過挫折，但總體上呈現(xiàn)出不斷發(fā)展的態(tài)勢，奠定了上海司法工作的基本格局，為1997年開始的司法體制改革創(chuàng)造了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。而且1997年之前上海的司法改革積累了諸多成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)和沉痛教訓(xùn)，為1997年以來司法體制和工作機(jī)制改革在上海的開展提供了正反面啟示；此前進(jìn)行的諸多有意義的實(shí)踐探索和創(chuàng)新，也為之后的改革開辟了前進(jìn)的道路。 第二章是關(guān)于1997-2002年上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革探索階段的研究。自1997年到2002年10月黨的十六大召開之前的五年，是上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革的探索階段。在最高司法機(jī)關(guān)的指導(dǎo)下，上海司法系統(tǒng)認(rèn)真貫徹中央決策部署，緊緊圍繞改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定大局的需要，不斷健全和完善司法體制和工作機(jī)制，，在工作體制、用人機(jī)制和內(nèi)部運(yùn)作機(jī)制等方面整體推進(jìn)，各項(xiàng)干部人事制度改革、人員分類管理工作逐步推開。 第三章是關(guān)于2002-2007年上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革推進(jìn)階段的研究。自2002年底到2007年11月黨的十七大召開之前的五年，是上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革的推進(jìn)階段。改革在法律框架內(nèi)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，司法機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)部管理機(jī)制不斷創(chuàng)新，司法規(guī)范化和司法公信力建設(shè)取得明顯進(jìn)展；貫徹落實(shí)寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)刑事政策的監(jiān)督協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制更加健全，解決訴訟難、執(zhí)行難、超期羈押、刑訊逼供等人民群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的突出問題取得新成效；政法保障機(jī)制不斷完善，司法隊(duì)伍建設(shè)和基層基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)水平明顯提高。 第四章是關(guān)于2007-2012年上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革深化階段的研究。自2007年底到2012年11月黨的十八大召開的五年，是上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革的深化階段。上海司法機(jī)關(guān)努力適應(yīng)人民群眾日益增長的司法需求，準(zhǔn)確把握寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)的刑事政策，積極推進(jìn)社區(qū)矯正和輕微刑事案件和解工作，加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)執(zhí)行工作，建立特困當(dāng)事人司法救助制度，彰顯法制公信力和司法人文關(guān)懷，加強(qiáng)律師、公證、司法鑒定等行業(yè)的執(zhí)業(yè)監(jiān)管，不斷優(yōu)化法律服務(wù)市場秩序。 第五章是關(guān)于上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革中的思想紛爭及實(shí)踐取向的研究。在上海探索、推行和深化司法體制和工作機(jī)制改革的過程中，一些改革措施的確引起了廣泛的討論，其中不乏質(zhì)疑和批評之聲。就宏觀思路來說，就有地方司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革能否突破中央司法體制改革的框架、各司法部門的進(jìn)程是否需要統(tǒng)一的爭論；就微觀舉措來說，以“少年法庭”、“案例指導(dǎo)制度”為例，不難看出一些開創(chuàng)性舉措引發(fā)了長久討論和爭議。正是這些討論、這些質(zhì)疑和批評使得上海司法機(jī)關(guān)更為審慎地對待改革，使其司法體制機(jī)制改革的進(jìn)程走得更為穩(wěn)當(dāng)和科學(xué)。 第六章是關(guān)于上海與兄弟省區(qū)市在司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革上橫向比較的研究。根據(jù)公開的一些資料，通過比較可以發(fā)現(xiàn)上海與我國其他省區(qū)市在司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革上有許共同之處，主要體現(xiàn)在司法體制改革的推進(jìn)動(dòng)力、根本目標(biāo)、指導(dǎo)思想、整體進(jìn)程、發(fā)展方向和具體內(nèi)容上。但上海與其他省區(qū)市相比，在重視創(chuàng)新探索、未成年人保護(hù)、執(zhí)行規(guī)范化、信息化建設(shè)、借鑒國外經(jīng)驗(yàn)、政法經(jīng)費(fèi)保障等方面，還是具有自己的鮮明特色。分析存在這些異同的原因，主要是與司法體制改革的特性和各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平不一有關(guān)。 第七章是關(guān)于上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革的分析檢討及成效評價(jià)的研究。上海的改革由點(diǎn)到面，由淺入深，循序漸進(jìn)，嚴(yán)格遵循司法規(guī)律，保證了各項(xiàng)改革措施的成功實(shí)施，也避免了由此帶來種種不必要的失敗和資源浪費(fèi)。雖然已經(jīng)取得顯著成效，但前進(jìn)的道路上還面臨著不少困難與問題，必須清醒地看到上海的改革只是剛剛破題，全面推進(jìn)和深化上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革，實(shí)現(xiàn)司法事業(yè)的健康發(fā)展還有很長的路要走。 第八章是關(guān)于繼續(xù)深化上海司法領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制改革的對策建議。伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型，人們對于司法的需求空前增長。為了迎接這些挑戰(zhàn)，上海只有繼續(xù)深化司法體制改革以解決社會(huì)發(fā)展中的司法困境。深化改革的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)應(yīng)設(shè)定為“推進(jìn)司法公正、擴(kuò)大司法公開、提高司法公信、踐行司法為民”。其功能應(yīng)定位于促進(jìn)政治體制改革、加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理、營造良好法治環(huán)境。深化改革應(yīng)該有一套貫穿于改革從始至終的基本行為準(zhǔn)則，充分發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性，立足上海實(shí)際繼續(xù)探索適應(yīng)上海司法實(shí)踐需求的創(chuàng)新舉措，切實(shí)提高司法機(jī)關(guān)的司法水平，創(chuàng)造良好的法治環(huán)境，有效促進(jìn)城市綜合實(shí)力的提升。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 1980s, the civil trial trial of the reform court was the guide, and the reform of the judiciary was formally proposed in the 15th National Congress of the party in 1997, and the reform of the judicial system and working mechanism was officially opened in China. As the birthplace of the Shanghai school culture, Shanghai has been in the Chinese and Western culture since the opening of the port. The front line of the front, the earliest introduction of the modern judicial idea and the rule of law in the west, has been working hard for the construction of the international financial center and international shipping center since the new century. There are many possible points in the reform of the judicial system. One is that it can not be avoided as a part of the reform of the whole country's judicial system. On the other hand, it is the beginning of many reform measures, and many innovative measures to adapt to the needs of the judicial practice in Shanghai and the spontaneous initiation of the work of the judicial organs in Shanghai, through the moistening and testing of the land of the rule of law in Shanghai, It was gradually known and recognized by the whole country, and then promoted to the country by the supreme legislative organ or the supreme judiciary, causing a little wave and even waves in the reform of the judicial system.
There is only a starting point and no end point in the reform of the judicial system. To build Shanghai into a socialist rule of law city, it is necessary to systematically comb the historical process of the reform of the system and mechanism of the judicial field in Shanghai, to find out the motive and trend of the regular reform and the trend of development, and to continue to be the experimental field and the leader of the reform of the law of China. Therefore, this article is divided into eight The chapter studies the reform of the system and mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai.
The first chapter is about the historical investigation of the course of the reform of the judicial field in Shanghai. The study of the reform of the system and mechanism of the judicial field in Shanghai since 1997 can not split the judicial reform of the previous Shanghai. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the judicial cause of the people of Shanghai has gone through a setback, but on the whole, it presents a trend of continuous development and has laid the Shanghai. The basic pattern of judicial work has created a solid foundation for the reform of the judicial system which began in 1997. And before 1997, the judicial reform in Shanghai accumulated many successful experiences and lessons, which provided a positive and negative inspiration for the reform of the judicial system and working mechanism since 1997 in Shanghai. The practice exploration and innovation also opened up a way forward for the subsequent reform.
The second chapter is about the study of the exploration stage of the reform of the institutional mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai in the 1997-2002 year. From 1997 to October 2002, the five years before the Sixteen Party's convening of the party is the exploration stage of the reform of the system mechanism in the field of justice in Shanghai. Under the guidance of the supreme judicial organ, the Shanghai judicial system earnestly implements the central decision and deployment and tightly encircled It is necessary to reform, develop and stabilize the overall situation, constantly improve and perfect the judicial system and working mechanism, promote the work system, the employment mechanism and the internal operation mechanism, and the reform of the personnel system and the management of personnel.
The third chapter is about the research on the stage of the reform of the institutional mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai in the 2002-2007 year. From the end of 2002 to the Seventeenth National Congress of the party in the five years before the end of 2002 to November 2007, it is the stage for the reform of the system mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai. The reform is steadily advancing in the legal framework, the internal management mechanism of the judicial organs is constantly innovating, and the judicial rules are regulated. It has made obvious progress in the construction of the credibility and the construction of the judicial credibility. It is more sound to implement the supervision and coordination mechanism of the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy, to solve the difficulties of the litigation, the difficult execution, the overdue detention and the extortion of confessions by the people, to achieve new results, and to improve the system of political and law guarantee, the construction of the judicial team and the basic infrastructure construction. The level of setting up is obviously improved.
The fourth chapter is about the research on the deepening stage of the reform of the system mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai in the 2007-2012 year. From the end of 2007 to the five year of the party's eighteen Congress from the end of 2007 to the November 2012, it is the deepening stage of the reform of the system mechanism in the field of justice in Shanghai. The judicial organs of Shanghai try to adapt to the growing judicial needs of the people and accurately grasp the mercy of the leniency. Criminal policy, actively promote community correction and minor criminal cases reconciliation work, strengthen and improve the implementation of the work, establish the judicial assistance system of the special poor parties, highlight the legal credibility of the legal system and judicial humanistic care, strengthen the practice supervision of lawyers, notarization, judicial identification and other industries, and constantly optimize the order of the legal service market.
The fifth chapter is about the study of ideological disputes and practical orientation in the reform of the system and mechanism of the judicial field in Shanghai. In the course of exploring and promoting and deepening the reform of the judicial system and working mechanism in Shanghai, some reform measures have indeed aroused extensive discussion, among which there are many questions and comments. On the macro thinking, there is local justice. Whether the reform of the institutional mechanism can break through the framework of the reform of the central judicial system and whether the process of the judicial departments need a unified debate; for the microcosmic measures, with the example of the "juvenile court" and the "case guidance system", it is not difficult to see that a number of pioneering initiatives have triggered long discussions and disputes. Criticism has made Shanghai's judiciary more prudent in its reform and made its judicial system and mechanism reform more stable and scientific.
The sixth chapter is about the research on the horizontal comparison of the institutional mechanism reform of Shanghai and the city of brothers and regions in the judicial field. According to some public information, we can find that there are some similarities between Shanghai and other provinces and regions in our country in the reform of the judicial system, which is mainly reflected in the impetus of the reform of the judicial system and the fundamental goal. However, compared with other provinces and municipalities, Shanghai has its own distinctive features in the aspects of innovation exploration, minors protection, standardization, information construction, foreign experience and the guarantee of political and legal funds. The main reason is to analyze the reasons for these similarities and differences, mainly with the judicature. The characteristics of institutional reform are related to the level of economic and social development in different regions.
The seventh chapter is about the analysis and evaluation of the reform of the institutional mechanism in the field of Shanghai's judicature. The reform of Shanghai is from the point of view, from the shallow to the deep, by the step by step, strictly following the law of justice, ensuring the successful implementation of the reform measures and avoiding the unnecessary failure and the waste of resources. Remarkable achievements have been made, but there are still a lot of difficulties and problems on the way forward. We must clearly see that the reform of Shanghai is just a new problem. It has a long way to go to promote and deepen the reform of the system and mechanism of the judicial field in Shanghai, and to realize the healthy development of the judicial cause.
The eighth chapter is about the countermeasures and suggestions for further deepening the reform of the system mechanism in the field of Shanghai's judicature. With the economic development and social transformation, the demand for the judiciary is increasing unprecedentedly. In order to meet these challenges, Shanghai should continue to deepen the reform of the judicial system to solve the Judicial Dilemma in the social development. The strategic objectives of deepening the reform should be set up. The function should be to promote the reform of the political system, strengthen the innovation of the social management, and create a good environment for the rule of law. The reform should have a set of basic principles that run through the reform from the beginning to the end, and give full play to the subjective initiative and foothold. The sea will continue to explore the innovative measures to meet the needs of the judicial practice in Shanghai, improve the judicial level of the judiciary, create a good environment for the rule of law, and effectively promote the promotion of the comprehensive strength of the city.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D929;D926

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