本文選題：檢察機(jī)關(guān) + 自偵權(quán)��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：刑事偵查權(quán)是國家懲治犯罪的重要公權(quán)力。新刑訴法第115條首次建立了對各種違法偵查行為的投訴處理機(jī)制,其中規(guī)定人民檢察院為申訴或控告的處理機(jī)關(guān),這就明確了檢察機(jī)關(guān)是法律監(jiān)督機(jī)關(guān)，但刑事訴訟法又賦予了檢察機(jī)關(guān)對職務(wù)犯罪的自偵權(quán)。在司法實(shí)踐中，由于監(jiān)督制約機(jī)制的缺失，造成部分檢察機(jī)關(guān)自偵權(quán)的濫用，加上檢察權(quán)本身的特性又給人們帶來檢察機(jī)關(guān)只是監(jiān)督別人而自身不受監(jiān)督的印象，從而派生出誰來監(jiān)督監(jiān)督者的問題。檢察機(jī)關(guān)自偵權(quán)一旦被濫用，不僅犯罪得不到控制，公民的正當(dāng)權(quán)利也會受到傷害，還會給社會造成惡劣的影響。因此，深入研究對檢察機(jī)關(guān)自偵權(quán)的監(jiān)督制約，不僅可以推動建設(shè)法治國家的進(jìn)程，完善我國的監(jiān)督體系，對更好地保護(hù)人權(quán)也有重要意義。實(shí)踐中，檢察機(jī)關(guān)自身的內(nèi)部監(jiān)督及人大、當(dāng)事人、社會監(jiān)督等監(jiān)督方式都存在先天的缺陷。律師卻有其得天獨(dú)厚的條件，精通法律程序，代表犯罪嫌疑人的利益，能最大限度地保障犯罪嫌疑人的合法權(quán)益，能及時掌握案情，對整個案件的全過程都能實(shí)施監(jiān)督等。因此在對檢察機(jī)關(guān)職務(wù)犯罪自偵權(quán)的監(jiān)督中，律師是一個重要監(jiān)督主體，且能發(fā)揮比其他監(jiān)督主體更大的作用。因此，要加強(qiáng)對檢察機(jī)關(guān)自偵權(quán)的監(jiān)督，必須強(qiáng)化律師的監(jiān)督作用。 2012年3月14日《刑事訴訟法》修正草案獲得通過，，新刑訴法修改過程中,立法機(jī)關(guān)廣泛聽取了各界聲音�？傮w上看,強(qiáng)化了法律監(jiān)督,特別是對偵查、執(zhí)行、特別程序的監(jiān)督。修正后的刑訴法賦予了犯罪嫌疑人偵查期間委托律師辯護(hù)的權(quán)利,檢察機(jī)關(guān)辦理自偵案件在第一次訊問或?qū)ζ洳扇?qiáng)制措施時,應(yīng)當(dāng)告知其有權(quán)委托辯護(hù)人。律師偵查期間會見特別重大賄賂犯罪案件犯罪嫌疑人應(yīng)經(jīng)檢察機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn),檢察機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)事先通知看守所。會見時不被監(jiān)聽。第一百五十八條也規(guī)定偵查機(jī)關(guān)在案件偵查終結(jié)前，可以聽取辯護(hù)律師的意見，并在案卷中注明。辯護(hù)律師提出書面意見的，應(yīng)當(dāng)附卷。新的訴訟法賦予了律師更多的權(quán)利，確立了律師在偵查階段辯護(hù)人的訴訟地位，這樣有利于完善檢察機(jī)關(guān)自偵案件的監(jiān)督制度。但是對自偵案件的監(jiān)督問題，并沒有得到立法者足夠的關(guān)注，我國刑事訴訟法并沒有提出具體的要求。由于立法上的缺陷，使自偵案件在偵查實(shí)踐中存在諸多問題。
[Abstract]:The power of criminal investigation is an important public power for the state to punish crimes. Article 115 of the new Criminal procedure Law establishes for the first time a complaint handling mechanism for various illegal investigations, which stipulates that the people's procuratorate shall be the handling organ for complaints or complaints, which makes it clear that the procuratorial organ is a legal supervisory organ. But the criminal procedure law gives the procuratorial organ the right of self-investigation to the duty crime. In judicial practice, due to the lack of supervision and restriction mechanism, some procuratorial organs abuse their power of self-investigation, and the characteristics of procuratorial power itself give people the impression that procuratorial organs are only supervising others and not being supervised by themselves. Thus derive the question of who will supervise. Once the procuratorial organ's right of self-investigation is abused, not only the crime cannot be controlled, but also the legitimate rights of citizens will be harmed, and the society will be badly affected. Therefore, further study on the supervision and restriction of procuratorial organs' self-investigation power can not only promote the process of building a country ruled by law, perfect our country's supervision system, but also play an important role in the better protection of human rights. In practice, the internal supervision of procuratorial organs and supervision methods such as people's Congress, parties and social supervision all have inherent defects. But lawyers have their unique conditions, master legal procedures, represent the interests of criminal suspects, can maximize the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of criminal suspects, can grasp the case in time, the whole process of the case can be supervised, and so on. Therefore, in the supervision of the power of self-investigation of procuratorial organs' duty crime, lawyer is an important subject of supervision and can play a bigger role than other supervisory subjects. Therefore, in order to strengthen the supervision of the procuratorial organs' right of self-investigation, it is necessary to strengthen the supervisory role of lawyers. On March 14, 2012, the draft amendment to the Criminal procedure Law was adopted, and in the course of the revision of the new Criminal procedure Law, The legislature listened extensively to the voices of all walks of life. In general, legal supervision has been strengthened, especially on investigation, enforcement and special procedures. The amended Criminal procedure Law gives the criminal suspect the right to entrust a lawyer to defend during the investigation. When the procuratorial organ handles the self-investigating case for the first time or takes compulsory measures against it, it should inform it of its right to entrust a defender. During the investigation, a lawyer shall meet a suspect in a particularly serious bribery crime case with the approval of the procuratorial organ, which shall notify the detention center in advance. Meetings are not monitored. Article 158 also provides that the investigating authorities may hear the opinions of defence counsel before the investigation of the case is concluded and indicate it in the case file. Where a defence lawyer makes a written opinion, a copy shall be attached. The new procedure law gives lawyers more rights, and establishes the lawyer's litigation status in the investigation stage, which is helpful to perfect the supervision system of procuratorial organs' self-investigation cases. However, the supervision of self-investigating cases has not been paid enough attention by legislators, and the criminal procedure law of our country has not put forward specific requirements. Due to the defects in legislation, there are many problems in the investigation practice of self-detection cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D925.2;D926.3

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