發(fā)布時間：2018-06-18 03:33

  本文選題：律師 + 法官　； 參考：《中國政法大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：律師和法官有著天然密切的聯(lián)系，有相同的專業(yè)背景，有共同的工作領(lǐng)域，律師向法官的職業(yè)流動是同一職業(yè)共同體內(nèi)的流動，本不該有任何障礙。然而，我國目前的法官遴選資格的設(shè)置卻使很多優(yōu)秀律師被拒于法官職業(yè)之外，在法官的公開選拔上，律師雖有與法官職業(yè)聯(lián)系最密切的職業(yè)經(jīng)驗，卻沒有任何職業(yè)優(yōu)勢，在職業(yè)經(jīng)驗和年齡方面，還存在不可逾越的障礙，根本原因在于律師在公務(wù)員體制外，，而法官在體制內(nèi)，律師向法官身份的轉(zhuǎn)換存在體制的障礙。從律師中選拔法官對于提高法官隊伍的整體素質(zhì)、促進法官的專業(yè)化、精英化和法律職業(yè)共同體的形成均有不可替代的積極作用，因而，應(yīng)當促進律師向法官的職業(yè)流動，根據(jù)我國國情為律師單獨設(shè)計法官職業(yè)的準入資格和選拔形式。除此之外，應(yīng)保障法官應(yīng)有的各種權(quán)利，使法官成為律師積極追求的職業(yè)。 本文第一部分是關(guān)于律師向法官職業(yè)流動的主要途徑，介紹法官的遴選途徑和資格及存在的問題，闡述律師向法官職業(yè)流動的主要途徑。目前我國法官的遴選來源主要是從社會公開選拔，除此之外還有從部隊轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)、復員的軍人進入法院審判崗位，本法院從事非審判崗位的公務(wù)員通過司法考試后轉(zhuǎn)為法官，以及由其他機關(guān)企事業(yè)單位調(diào)入審判崗位等選任途徑。律師向法官職業(yè)流動的途徑主要是社會公開選拔。但是，在法官的遴選資格上，對律師而言依然存在一些阻礙，雖不是針對律師，但確實是造成了律師向法官職業(yè)流動的障礙。 第二部分是關(guān)于律師進入法官職業(yè)的阻礙因素。從法律層面，律師向初任法官流動并無太大障礙，雖然沒有任何優(yōu)勢可言，但也可通過選拔成為法官。但在制度上，體制外的律師和體制內(nèi)的法官存在身份的差別，法官是“官”，律師是“民”，在幾千年的官本位觀念的影響下，官民之間溝壑難以逾越。在公開選拔法官的遴選資格上，應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生的要求和最高年齡限制也使得很多律師失去遴選資格。除此之外，還有法官職業(yè)對優(yōu)秀律師吸引力不足、法官權(quán)利保障制度不完善等原因使很多優(yōu)秀律師不愿成為法院。 第三部分是促進律師向法官職業(yè)流動的積極意義，闡述這種職業(yè)流動對法律職業(yè)共同體構(gòu)建的積極意義，律師相對于其他職業(yè)對培養(yǎng)法官所需技能的職業(yè)經(jīng)驗優(yōu)勢，以及律師向法官職業(yè)流動對促進法官職業(yè)化、精英化的積極作用。 第四部分是促進律師向法官職業(yè)流動的建議，根據(jù)我國國情為律師單獨設(shè)計法官職業(yè)的準入資格和選拔形式，從律師中選拔與從社會公開選拔的方式并存，但律師應(yīng)優(yōu)先于其他職業(yè)進行選拔。除此之外，應(yīng)保障法官應(yīng)有的各種權(quán)利，使法官成為律師積極追求的職業(yè)，以促進律師向法官職業(yè)的流動。
[Abstract]:Lawyers and judges are naturally closely connected, have the same professional background, have common work areas, the professional mobility of lawyers to judges is the flow within the same professional community, there should not be any obstacles. However, at present, the establishment of judges' selection qualification in our country makes many excellent lawyers excluded from the judge's profession. In the open selection of judges, although lawyers have the most close professional experience with judges, they have no professional advantages. In terms of professional experience and age, there are still insurmountable obstacles, the fundamental reason being that the lawyer is outside the civil service system, and the judge is in the system, there are institutional obstacles to the conversion of the lawyer to the judge's identity. The selection of judges from lawyers plays an irreplaceable role in improving the overall quality of judges, promoting the specialization of judges, excellence and the formation of legal professional community. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the professional mobility of lawyers to judges. According to the situation of our country, we design the admission qualification and the selection form of the judge profession separately for the lawyer. In addition, judges should be guaranteed all kinds of rights so that they can be actively pursued by lawyers. The first part of this paper is about the main ways of professional mobility from lawyer to judge, introduces the selection and qualification of judges and the existing problems, and expounds the main ways of professional mobility of lawyers to judges. At present, the source of selection of judges in our country is mainly from the public. In addition, there are also demobilized servicemen who have been transferred from the army to judicial posts in the courts. After passing the judicial examination, civil servants engaged in non-judicial posts in the Court have been transferred to judges. And by other organs, enterprises and institutions to be transferred to judicial posts and other selection and appointment. The main way for lawyers to move to the profession of judges is the open selection of the society. However, in the selection of judges, there are still some obstacles for lawyers, although not for lawyers, but it does cause obstacles to the professional mobility of lawyers to judges. The second part is about the obstacle factor of lawyer's entering the judge's profession. At the legal level, there is no great obstacle to the flow of lawyers to the new judges. Although there are no advantages, they can also be selected as judges. But in the system, there are differences between the lawyers outside the system and the judges in the system. The judges are "officials" and lawyers are "the people". Under the influence of the concept of official standard for thousands of years, the gullies between the officials and the people are difficult to overcome. In the open selection of judges, the requirements of fresh graduates and the maximum age limit also make many lawyers disqualified. In addition, there are many good lawyers who do not want to become the court because of the lack of attraction to the good lawyers and the imperfect system of the protection of the rights of the judges. The third part is to promote the positive significance of lawyers' professional mobility to judges, expounding the positive significance of this kind of professional mobility to the construction of legal professional community, and the advantages of lawyers' professional experience in training judges' required skills compared with other professions. And the professional flow of lawyers to judges to promote the professionalization of judges, the positive role of excellence. The fourth part is to promote the professional mobility of lawyers to judges, according to the national conditions of our country, we design the admission qualification and selection form of judges' profession separately, and the ways of selecting lawyers from lawyers and public selection from society coexist. But lawyers should be selected in preference to other professions. In addition, it is necessary to protect the rights of judges and make judges become the profession that lawyers actively pursue, so as to promote the flow of lawyers to judges.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D926.5;D926.2

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