本文選題：司法能力 + 思維能力��； 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：作為與黨的執(zhí)政能力相伴生的一個(gè)概念,司法能力一經(jīng)問世便受到廣泛關(guān)注。從司法能力誕生的歷程及背景不難發(fā)現(xiàn),這一概念自一開始便帶有了極強(qiáng)的政治色彩。對(duì)司法能力的解讀,便極可能因?yàn)榉赫位窒抻邳h政政策實(shí)施層面。而事實(shí)上,縱觀近幾年有關(guān)司法能力的學(xué)界研究成果,或多或少都有著政治政策的影子,總體上呈現(xiàn)出以司法能力建設(shè)方案架構(gòu)代替司法能力本身的研究的現(xiàn)象。也正因?yàn)閷?duì)司法能力本身研究不夠,導(dǎo)致對(duì)司法能力建設(shè)的研究也落入俗套：即把司法能力建設(shè)機(jī)械的劃分為司法審判能力、調(diào)解能力、管理能力、服務(wù)能力、認(rèn)定證據(jù)能力、適用法律能力等等部分,分門別類的提出應(yīng)對(duì)的方案。這種懸空的視角使得方案本身可行性大打折扣,這種研究的價(jià)值也就僅僅限于司法能力的政治吶喊上。對(duì)此,本文試圖跳出這種拘囿,從司法能力本身著手研究,來為司法能力基礎(chǔ)理論乃至司法能力建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)厘清思路。就司法能力這一概念而言,放眼全球,并不是一個(gè)普適性的詞語。據(jù)筆者掌握的相關(guān)資料顯示,國外法學(xué)理論界并未有司法能力這一專業(yè)概念,在實(shí)踐運(yùn)用層面只是偶有提及：歐洲開放社會(huì)研究院實(shí)施的“加人歐盟跟蹤計(jì)劃”,就加人歐盟10個(gè)中、東歐國家的司法改革情況出版的兩個(gè)評(píng)估報(bào)告之一即是有關(guān)司法能力的報(bào)告。歐盟與成員國之間有相關(guān)的司法能力建設(shè)合作項(xiàng)目。此外,國外關(guān)于司法能力并沒過多述及,由此,對(duì)司法能力這一概念的闡釋,將開創(chuàng)法學(xué)研究的又一視角,對(duì)國內(nèi)及國際上都將產(chǎn)生積極意義。 “中國法學(xué)的最大誤區(qū)是將學(xué)術(shù)和政治不加區(qū)分,學(xué)者不是從事客觀的學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng),而是動(dòng)輒將自己的政治觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加進(jìn)自己的學(xué)術(shù)研究中。”對(duì)于著名法學(xué)家陳瑞華先生的勸誡,筆者頗有感觸,深表認(rèn)同。對(duì)此,筆者將避開黨的執(zhí)政能力這個(gè)著眼點(diǎn),把視角放在法官職業(yè)素養(yǎng)能力上,對(duì)司法能力進(jìn)行梳理分析,并試圖總結(jié)出法官司法能力的構(gòu)成及規(guī)律,以期在法學(xué)領(lǐng)域構(gòu)架司法能力的基礎(chǔ)理論。 全文以職業(yè)能力為視角,以解構(gòu)式的研究方法探析了法官司法能力的內(nèi)涵和外延。在初步形成法官司法能力理論體系的基礎(chǔ)上,反觀國外法官司法能力提升的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)及相應(yīng)的社會(huì)、文化環(huán)境,通過審視我國法官司法能力現(xiàn)狀,提出了適應(yīng)我國時(shí)代特征的法官司法能力提升的思路和路徑。全文共分七部分。 第一部分,緒論。該部分闡述了法官司法能力這一課題的選題意義(包括理論意義、實(shí)踐意義)、國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述、研究方法、創(chuàng)新觀點(diǎn)等問題。 第二部分,法官司法能力的概念界定。對(duì)司法能力的理解首先應(yīng)該從司法的性質(zhì)人手,然后根據(jù)司法活動(dòng)本身的規(guī)律來尋找司法能力的規(guī)定性。司法是一種職業(yè),司法能力究其實(shí)質(zhì)應(yīng)該是一種職業(yè)能力。任何職業(yè)都有一定的工作任務(wù)要求,工作任務(wù)的勝任力是職業(yè)能力的題中之意。思維和語言是法官這一職業(yè)區(qū)別于其他職業(yè)的集中展現(xiàn),那么,法官司法能力這一概念在本文中的界定為：法官司法能力是指法官在特定思維的指引下,運(yùn)用特定語言完成審判任務(wù)的勝任力。 第三部分,法官司法能力的構(gòu)成與表現(xiàn)。法官思維能力和法官語言能力構(gòu)成了法官司法能力的核心內(nèi)涵。 法官思維能力。包括邏輯思維能力、法律思維能力、經(jīng)驗(yàn)思維能力和社會(huì)思維能力。其中邏輯思維能力是法官思維能力的基礎(chǔ),有助于法官建立和把握法律判斷；法律思維能力是法官思維能力的核心,也是法官區(qū)別于其他職業(yè)的集中體現(xiàn)；經(jīng)驗(yàn)思維能力指的是法官以普通大眾的角色身份進(jìn)行思維來認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)的能力。法官的經(jīng)驗(yàn)思維能力受自身直覺、情感、人格、善斷等前見的影響,主要體現(xiàn)于對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則的理解及運(yùn)用上。 法官語言能力。法官在行使司法權(quán)審判案件時(shí),對(duì)語言的運(yùn)用和掌控直接影響著司法形象,甚至關(guān)涉人們對(duì)司法公正的認(rèn)知。總體而言,法官的語言水平包括法官應(yīng)當(dāng)及如何在履行職務(wù)過程中使用語言。法官使用的語言包括司法口語和書面語言。法律的實(shí)施和運(yùn)用依賴于司法口語和法律文書的書面語言交替使用來完成。 法官司法能力外在展現(xiàn)于法官處理案件中的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),包括事實(shí)認(rèn)定能力、法律適用能力、訴訟調(diào)解能力、庭審駕馭能力、裁判文書制作能力等方面。 第四部分,國外法官司法能力的考察與啟示。本部分概覽了國外有關(guān)法官司法能力的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),探析了各國提升法官司法能力的共通性舉措,并立足國內(nèi)環(huán)境汲取國外的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)與啟示。 第五部分,我國法官司法能力的現(xiàn)狀、問題及原因。論文以我國的任職資格為切入點(diǎn),通過歸納法官的年齡、學(xué)歷、性別等構(gòu)成勾勒出我國法官司法能力相對(duì)不高的現(xiàn)狀。并從法官思維能力和語言能力兩個(gè)維度思索了我國法官司法能力中存在的問題,并進(jìn)一步分析了問題的根源性成因,即司法獨(dú)立程度不高、法官遴選機(jī)制不科學(xué)、法官懲戒制度不完善、法官管理行政化、法官培訓(xùn)形式化等。 第六部分,提升我國法官司法能力的基本思路。法官司法能力的提升,關(guān)鍵在于法官自己有提升能力的內(nèi)源動(dòng)力,同時(shí)離不開制度保障和司法環(huán)境的改善。提升我國司法能力的基本思路應(yīng)當(dāng)是,以增強(qiáng)司法職業(yè)道德為導(dǎo)向,改善現(xiàn)有司法環(huán)境,重視和加強(qiáng)制度保證。 第七部分,提升我國法官司法能力的若干構(gòu)想。本部分是論文的重心,提出了具有操作意義的提升我國法官司法能力的若干方案。如實(shí)現(xiàn)法院獨(dú)立與法官獨(dú)立相結(jié)合；構(gòu)建中國特色的法官遴選制度；實(shí)現(xiàn)法官在職培訓(xùn)的專業(yè)化、規(guī)范化；建立他律模式的法官懲戒制度；改革司法能力語境下相關(guān)配套制度,等等。
[Abstract]:As a concept associated with the ruling ability of the party, the judicial ability has been widely paid attention as soon as it comes out. From the history and background of the birth of the judicial ability, it is not difficult to find that this concept has a strong political color from the beginning. The interpretation of judicial ability is very likely to be limited to the implementation level of the party and government policy. In fact, in the past few years, there are more or less shadow of political policy in the study of judicial ability in recent years. In general, there is a phenomenon of the study of judicial capacity construction instead of the judicial ability itself. It is also because of the lack of research on the judicial ability itself, which leads to the research on the construction of judicial capacity. Common set: the division of judicial capacity building machinery is divided into judicial ability, mediation capacity, management ability, service ability, identification of evidence ability, the application of legal ability and so on, and other parts of the proposed solutions. The suspension of the perspective makes the scheme itself discounted, the value of this research is limited to only the division. On the political cry of the ability of law, this article attempts to jump out of this kind of detention, to make a study from the judicial ability itself, to clarify the basic basis for the basic theory of judicial ability and the construction of judicial ability. On the practical application level, there is only an occasional mention of the "additional European Union tracking plan" implemented by the European Academy of open society. One of the two evaluation reports on judicial reform in Eastern European countries is one of the reports on judicial capacity, which is one of the 10 evaluation reports on judicial reform in Eastern European countries. There is a relevant judicial capacity building cooperation project between the alliance and the member states. In addition, the judicial ability of foreign countries has not been overstated. Thus, the interpretation of the concept of judicial ability will create another perspective of legal research, which will have positive significance both at home and abroad.
"The biggest misunderstanding of China's law is that it does not distinguish between academia and politics, but scholars do not engage in objective academic activities, but often impose their own political views on their own academic research." the author's admonition to the famous jurist, Mr. Chen Ruihua, has a deep feeling and a deep recognition. At the point of view, we put the angle of view on the judge's professional competence, analyze the judicial ability, and try to sum up the Constitution and law of the judge's judicial ability, in order to frame the basic theory of judicial ability in the field of law.
The full text analyses the connotation and extension of the judge's judicial ability with the view of professional ability and deconstructed research method. On the basis of the preliminary formation of the theoretical system of judge's judicial ability, the beneficial experience and corresponding social and cultural environment of the judicial ability of the judges abroad are reviewed, and the present situation of the judicial ability of the judges in China is reviewed. This article is divided into seven parts to adapt to the characteristics of our times.
The first part, introduction. This part expounds the significance of the topic of the judge's judicial ability (including theoretical significance, practical significance), literature review at home and abroad, research methods, innovative views and so on.
The second part is the definition of the judicial ability of the judge. The understanding of the judicial ability should first be based on the nature of the judiciary, and then look for the stipulation of the judicial ability according to the law of the judicial activity itself. The competence of the work task is the meaning of the job competence. Thinking and language are the focus of the judge's profession, which is different from other professions. Then, the definition of the judge's judicial ability in this article is that the judge's judicial ability refers to the competence of a judge to complete the trial task with a specific language under the reference of a particular thinking. Power.
The third part is about the Constitution and performance of judges' judicial capacity. The core competence of judges' judicial ability is the judge's ability to think and judge's language ability.
The judge's thinking ability includes logical thinking ability, legal thinking ability, experience thinking ability and social thinking ability. The logical thinking ability is the basis of the judge's thinking ability, which helps judge to establish and grasp the legal judgment; the legal thinking ability is the core of the judge's thinking ability, and the judge is different from the other occupations. The experience thinking ability refers to the ability of the judge to think about the fact of the case with the role of the general public. The judge's experience thinking ability is influenced by his own intuition, emotion, personality and good judgment, which is mainly reflected in the understanding and application of the rule of thumb.
Judges' language ability. When judges exercise judicial power to trial cases, the use and control of language directly affects the image of the judiciary, and even concerns the perception of justice. In general, the language level of a judge includes the use of language in the process of performing his duties. Written language. The implementation and application of law depend on the alternation of written language in judicial spoken language and legal documents.
The judge's judicial ability is unfolded in all aspects of the judge's handling of the case, including the ability to identify the facts, the ability to apply the law, the ability to conciliate the lawsuit, the ability to control the trial, and the ability of the making of the referee's documents.
The fourth part, the investigation and Enlightenment of the judicial ability of the judges in foreign countries. This part summarizes the relevant standards of the judicial ability of judges abroad, probes into the common measures to promote the judicial ability of judges in various countries, and draws the useful experience and Enlightenment of foreign countries on the basis of the domestic environment.
The fifth part, the present situation, the problem and the cause of the judicial ability of the judge in our country. The thesis takes the qualification of our country as the breakthrough point, outlines the status of the judge's judicial ability relatively low through the induction of the judges' age, education, sex and so on. It also considers the judicial ability of the judges in our country from the two dimensions of the judge's thinking ability and language ability. The existing problems, and further analysis of the root causes of the problem, that is, the degree of independence of the judiciary is not high, the selection mechanism of judges is not scientific, the punishment system of judges is not perfect, the administration of judges is administration, and the training of judges is formalized.
The sixth part is to improve the basic thinking of the judicial ability of the judges in our country. The key to the promotion of judicial ability is that the judges themselves have the internal power to improve their ability. At the same time, it is inseparable from the system guarantee and the improvement of the judicial environment. The basic idea of improving the judicial ability of our country should be to strengthen the judicial professional ethics and improve the existing judicature. Environment, pay attention to and strengthen the system guarantee.
The seventh part is a number of ideas to enhance the judicial ability of the judges in our country. This part is the focus of the thesis, and puts forward some proposals to improve the judicial ability of the judges in our country, such as the realization of the combination of the independence of the court and the independence of the judges, the establishment of a judge selection system with Chinese characteristics, and the specialization and standardization of the on-the-job training of judges. To establish a disciplined judge's disciplinary system; to reform relevant supporting systems in the context of judicial capacity, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D926.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 王申;;法官思維的理性依托于司法審判之既有理念[J];法學(xué);2009年12期

2 馬進(jìn)保,易志華;論對(duì)失職法官檢察官的懲戒[J];河北法學(xué);1999年04期

3 賀衛(wèi)方;中國司法管理制度的兩個(gè)問題[J];中國社會(huì)科學(xué);1997年06期

，

本文編號(hào)：1964518