本文選題：職務(wù)犯罪 + 初查　； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 我國檢察機(jī)關(guān)通過查辦職務(wù)犯罪實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)國家工作人員行使職權(quán)行為的法律監(jiān)督,這是檢察機(jī)關(guān)的一項(xiàng)重要職能,如何有效發(fā)現(xiàn)和準(zhǔn)確、及時(shí)地查處職務(wù)犯罪案件,是當(dāng)前檢察機(jī)關(guān)所面臨的重要理論和實(shí)踐課題。隨著我國法治化進(jìn)程的深入和刑事訴訟程序的逐步完善,檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦職務(wù)犯罪的理念必然要求從“由供到證”向“由證到供”轉(zhuǎn)變,面對(duì)職務(wù)犯罪的復(fù)雜情況和出現(xiàn)的新特點(diǎn),檢察機(jī)關(guān)在長期的辦案實(shí)踐中逐步形成了初查制度,并在《人民檢察院刑事訴訟規(guī)則》中作了明確規(guī)定。 初查主要是通過秘密調(diào)查的方法獲取必要的事實(shí)證據(jù),證實(shí)檢察機(jī)關(guān)受理的自偵案件線索是否涉嫌犯罪,進(jìn)而決定是否需要立案偵查。實(shí)踐證明,初查的成敗直接關(guān)系到職務(wù)犯罪案件查處的成敗,因而初查在自偵辦案中具有十分重要的作用。然而,我國刑事訴訟法并沒有明確的初查概念,這使得初查制度處于尷尬語境中,認(rèn)真深入地研究和探討初查制度,對(duì)于確保職務(wù)犯罪查辦工作的健康發(fā)展,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)我國刑事訴訟立法的進(jìn)一步完善,具有十分重要的意義。 我從以下六個(gè)部分來研究我國職務(wù)犯罪初查制度: 1、首先總體概述了我國職務(wù)犯罪初查制度,對(duì)其歷史脈絡(luò)作了一些梳理,闡述了初查形成的背景及其產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展,以便全面理解。 2、理論界對(duì)初查的性質(zhì)眾說紛紜,該部分先探討了初查的淵源,而后針對(duì)各派學(xué)說重點(diǎn)論證兩點(diǎn):一、初查是一種訴訟行為,而不是行政行為。二、初查本質(zhì)上是任意偵查,屬于廣義的“偵查”,但與我國刑訴法上的偵查有區(qū)別。 3、由于現(xiàn)行刑事訴訟法中沒有明確使用“初查”一詞,理論界、實(shí)務(wù)界對(duì)初查的合法性爭議頗大,該部分對(duì)置疑現(xiàn)存初查制度合法性的觀點(diǎn)給予駁斥,并論證初查的合法性,理由有兩點(diǎn):一、立法已將初查程序隱含其中。二、初查作為任意偵查,法無規(guī)定也可行使。 4、這部分對(duì)初查制度的積極作用和缺陷進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。十余年來,我國職務(wù)犯罪初查制度已經(jīng)初步形成了自己的規(guī)范體系,其存在具有必要性,但仍存在不少缺陷,嚴(yán)重地制約著初查制度的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展與完善。 5、從比較法的視角去看國外的相關(guān)制度,從一些有代表性的國家刑事訴訟制度中,探尋出一些科學(xué)的理念和制度,以對(duì)我國初查制度的改革提供一些借鑒。 6、通過以上五部分的分析,提出了對(duì)我國職務(wù)犯罪初查制度改革的立法建議:其一、應(yīng)弱化立案在刑事訴訟程序中的獨(dú)立地位,強(qiáng)化“立案”手續(xù)的形式要件作用,這一形式要件的具備與否作為是否可以采取強(qiáng)制性措施的分界線。其二、應(yīng)在立法中明確初查的法律地位,初查就是刑事訴訟程序啟動(dòng)的標(biāo)志,以辦理立案手續(xù)為界,把偵查活動(dòng)分解為初查與正式偵查。其三、立法應(yīng)賦予檢察機(jī)關(guān)在職務(wù)犯罪初查過程中,可有條件地運(yùn)用秘密偵查和技術(shù)偵查等特殊偵查手段,以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前查辦職務(wù)犯罪案件的需要。同時(shí),針對(duì)實(shí)踐中存在的問題,提出了完善的建議:一、加強(qiáng)初查的規(guī)范化建設(shè)。二、初查應(yīng)當(dāng)有時(shí)限規(guī)定。三、強(qiáng)化和完善對(duì)初查的內(nèi)外部監(jiān)督機(jī)制。 總之,我國的初查制度有其孕育、產(chǎn)生、并長期存在的實(shí)踐土壤,它來源于實(shí)踐,又在實(shí)踐中得到不斷完善和發(fā)展,將來在實(shí)踐中必然會(huì)發(fā)揮其更大的作用。
[Abstract]:It is an important function of the procuratorial organs to realize the legal supervision by the procuratorial organs of our country through the investigation of the duty crime, which is an important function of the procuratorial organs. It is an important theory and practice subject that the procuratorial organs are faced with. With the gradual improvement of the entry and criminal procedure, the concept of the procuratorial organ's investigation of the duty crime is bound to change from "from the supply to the certificate" to "from the certificate to the supply". In the face of the complex situation and the new characteristics of the duty crime, the procuratorial organ has gradually formed a preliminary investigation system in the long term practice of the case, and in the "criminal procedure rules of the people's Procuratorate." The rule is clearly stipulated.
The preliminary investigation is mainly through the secret investigation method to obtain the necessary facts evidence, verify whether the procuratorial organ's self detection case clues are suspected of crime, and then decide whether to establish the case investigation. The practice has proved that the success or failure of the preliminary investigation is directly related to the success or failure of the investigation of the case of the duty crime, so the preliminary investigation is very important in the self investigation case. However, the criminal procedure law of our country does not have a clear concept of preliminary investigation. This makes the initial inspection system in an awkward context. It is of great significance to study and discuss the system of preliminary investigation in a serious and deep way. It is of great significance to ensure the healthy development of the investigation of the job crime and further improve the criminal procedure legislation of our country.
From the following six parts, I study the preliminary investigation system of duty crime in China.
1, first of all, a general overview of the system of the initial investigation of the duty crime in China is summarized, and its historical context is combed, the background of the formation of the preliminary investigation and its production and development are expounded in order to fully understand it.
2, the theoretical circles have different opinions on the nature of the preliminary investigation. This part first probes into the origin of the preliminary investigation, and then points out two points of emphasis on the doctrines of each school: first, the preliminary investigation is a litigation act, not the administrative act. Two, the preliminary investigation is essentially arbitrary investigation, which belongs to the generalized "investigation", but is different from the criminal investigation in our country.
3, because there is no clear use of the word "preliminary check" in the current criminal procedure law, the theorists and the practical circles have a great dispute about the legitimacy of the preliminary investigation. This part refutes the views on the legitimacy of the existing preliminary examination system, and demonstrates the legitimacy of the preliminary investigation, and there are two reasons for it: first, the legislation has implied the initial investigation procedure. Two, preliminary investigation as arbitrary detection. It is also feasible to check.
4, this part summarizes the positive role and defects of the preliminary investigation system. In the last ten years, the system of the initial investigation of the duty crime in our country has initially formed its own standard system, and its existence is necessary, but there are still many defects, which seriously restrict the further development and perfection of the preliminary investigation system.
5, from the perspective of comparative law to see the related system abroad, from some representative national criminal procedure system, explore some scientific ideas and systems, in order to provide some reference for the reform of China's initial investigation system.
6, through the analysis of the above five parts, this paper puts forward the legislative proposals for the reform of the initial investigation system for the duty crime in China: first, it should weaken the independent status of the case in the criminal procedure and strengthen the form elements of the formalities of "filing a case". The legal status of the initial investigation should be clearly defined in the legislation, and the initial investigation is the symbol of the initiation of the criminal procedure, and the criminal procedure should be divided into the first check and the formal investigation. Thirdly, the legislation should endow the procuratorial organs with the special investigation means such as secret investigation and technical investigation in the course of the initial investigation of the duty crime. In order to meet the needs of investigating crime cases in the current situation, the paper puts forward some perfect suggestions in view of the problems in practice: first, to strengthen the standardized construction of the preliminary investigation. Two, the initial check should have time limit. Three, strengthening and perfecting the internal and external supervision mechanism for the preliminary investigation.
In a word, the system of preliminary investigation in China has its breeding, producing, and long existing practical soil. It comes from practice and has been perfected and developed in practice. In the future, it will inevitably play its greater role in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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本文編號(hào)：1963843