發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-31 02:30

  本文選題：北京律師 + 法律援助��； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國目前已將向社會(huì)弱勢(shì)群體的法律援助服務(wù)通過立法明確規(guī)定為政府的一項(xiàng)責(zé)任和律師的一種義務(wù),并配合相關(guān)法律法規(guī),形成了一系列配套制度�！堵蓭煼ā�、《刑事訴訟法》、《法律援助條例》等相關(guān)條文和專門規(guī)定,建立了我國行政機(jī)構(gòu)作為政府主體對(duì)法律援助的社會(huì)需求統(tǒng)一負(fù)責(zé)、統(tǒng)一指派,當(dāng)?shù)芈蓭熓聞?wù)所按照安排承接落實(shí)相應(yīng)案件的具體糾紛解決這一制度框架。同時(shí)各地經(jīng)過近10年法律援助工作的開展,已形成了相應(yīng)的專職人員隊(duì)伍、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),為經(jīng)濟(jì)或其他方面有困難的社會(huì)主體解決了切實(shí)的需求,反映了我國這一方面的初步成果。北京作為開展律師法律援助工作較早的地區(qū)之一,有其自身在資金、人力資源、配套社會(huì)保障制度、民眾法治意識(shí)等方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 但律師法律援助制度作為一種為了滿足特定公民需求、實(shí)現(xiàn)弱勢(shì)群體基本人權(quán)的社會(huì)制度,一種由政府、律師、社會(huì)受眾綜合參與、互動(dòng)發(fā)展的社會(huì)實(shí)踐,其運(yùn)行機(jī)制仍呈現(xiàn)出諸多不足�；趯W(xué)界已有的相關(guān)理論探討和實(shí)踐材料整合,筆者經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究、數(shù)據(jù)整理與采訪,初步了解到北京市法律援助制度最近五年的實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀況,反應(yīng)出北京地區(qū)律師法律援助制度中存在的張力。一方面社會(huì)律師在行政指派的體制內(nèi),承受著硬性攤派帶來的諸多不利因素,容忍杯水車薪的法律援助案件補(bǔ)貼的不足,但依然以較高的熱情努力完成法律援助任務(wù)；另一方面,社會(huì)律師受到正義與職業(yè)道德的感召,發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì),開展了多種不同形式的法律援助活動(dòng),從中涌現(xiàn)了許多廣受好評(píng)的榜樣。與此相應(yīng),法律援助處作為行政主體,不能提供社會(huì)律師完成的各類不同法律援助案件的具體數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)于社會(huì)律師完成各類法律援助案件應(yīng)當(dāng)給予的補(bǔ)貼是否分發(fā)到位也沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)。 針對(duì)北京市法律援助實(shí)踐中表現(xiàn)出的這樣一些問題,在目前體制下較為可行的對(duì)策,首先是改善案件指派的方式方法,這需要以行政主體和律師協(xié)會(huì)的溝通配合為契機(jī),當(dāng)然政府的財(cái)政保障始終需要加強(qiáng)。其次,廣州、上海的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)說明目前立法的框架下,各地都有很大改善、創(chuàng)新法律援助實(shí)踐形式的空間,行政主體與律師可以形成良好的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,即滿足社會(huì)需求,又促進(jìn)律師的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,同時(shí)履行了政府的法定義務(wù),對(duì)于北京律師法律援助制度的完善具有啟發(fā)性。第三,自03年《法律援助條例》頒布實(shí)施以來,律師業(yè)和法律援助的社會(huì)需求已有了很大發(fā)展變化,對(duì)專職法律援助律師的設(shè)置已變得較為迫切,實(shí)踐中也已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了實(shí)質(zhì)上的專職律師隊(duì)伍。 筆者希望北京市司法行政主體和北京市律師協(xié)會(huì)能夠相互理解,良好配合,建立一種行之有效的法律援助制度,完善“官方渠道-社會(huì)律師”的整體格局,同時(shí)積極建言獻(xiàn)策,為我國法律援助制度早日更新完善做出努力。
[Abstract]:At present, legal aid services for socially vulnerable groups have been explicitly stipulated by legislation as a responsibility of the Government and an obligation of lawyers, and in line with relevant laws and regulations. A series of supporting systems have been formed. The lawyers Law, the Criminal procedure Law, the regulations on legal Aid, and other relevant articles and special provisions have been formed. As the main body of the government, the administrative organs in our country have been uniformly responsible for and assigned to the social needs of legal aid. Local law firms according to arrangements to undertake the implementation of the corresponding cases of specific dispute resolution system framework. At the same time, after nearly 10 years of legal aid work, various localities have formed a corresponding team of full-time personnel, infrastructure construction and practical needs for social subjects with economic or other difficulties. Reflects our country this aspect preliminary achievement. As one of the early legal aid areas, Beijing has its own advantages in capital, human resources, supporting social security system, public awareness of the rule of law, and so on. However, the legal aid system of lawyers, as a social system to meet the needs of specific citizens and to realize the basic human rights of vulnerable groups, is a kind of social practice in which the government, lawyers, and social audiences participate in and interact with each other. Its running mechanism still presents many deficiencies. Based on the relevant theoretical discussion and practical material integration in academic circles, the author, through investigation, data collation and interviews, preliminarily understands the actual operation of the legal aid system in Beijing in the past five years. Reflects the Beijing area lawyer legal aid system existence tension. On the one hand, social lawyers, in the system of administrative assignment, bear many unfavorable factors brought by hard assessment and tolerate the insufficiency of subsidy in legal aid cases, but they still strive to complete the task of legal aid with high enthusiasm. On the other hand, social lawyers are inspired by justice and professional ethics, exert their own advantages, carry out various forms of legal aid activities, from which emerged a lot of well-received examples. Accordingly, as the administrative subject, the legal Aid Office cannot provide specific data on various kinds of legal aid cases completed by social lawyers. There are no statistics on whether the subsidies should be distributed to social lawyers to complete all kinds of legal aid cases. In the light of such problems in the practice of legal aid in Beijing, the more feasible countermeasures under the present system are, first of all, to improve the ways and means of case assignment, which needs to take the opportunity of communication and cooperation between the administrative body and the Bar Association. Of course, the government's financial support still needs to be strengthened. Secondly, the successful experience of Guangzhou and Shanghai shows that under the framework of current legislation, there is great improvement in various places. The space for innovating the practical form of legal aid can form a good interactive relationship between the administrative subject and the lawyer, that is, to meet the needs of the society. It also promotes the market competitiveness of lawyers and fulfils the legal obligations of the government, which is instructive to the perfection of Beijing lawyer's legal aid system. Third, since the promulgation and implementation of the legal Aid Ordinance in 2003, the legal profession and the social needs for legal aid have greatly developed and changed, and the setting up of full-time legal aid lawyers has become more urgent. In practice, there has been a substantial team of full-time lawyers. The author hopes that the main body of judicial administration in Beijing and the Beijing Bar Association can understand each other, cooperate well, establish an effective legal aid system, perfect the overall pattern of "official channel-social lawyer", and actively offer suggestions and suggestions. Efforts will be made to update and improve our legal aid system at an early date.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D926.5

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本文編號(hào)：1957947