本文選題：服刑人員 + 權(quán)益保障��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：監(jiān)獄服刑人員是指實(shí)施了犯罪行為而被國家依法判處有期徒刑、無期徒刑和死刑緩期執(zhí)行刑罰的人。刑法為了維護(hù)社會公正和保護(hù)其他公民的合法權(quán)益,必然要限制和剝奪服刑人員一定的權(quán)利,以示懲戒。盡管如此,服刑人員仍然是一個(gè)人,是作為人而存在的,理應(yīng)享有人的最基本權(quán)益,這也是本文開篇論述的保障監(jiān)獄服刑人員合法權(quán)益的合理依據(jù)。 然而,縱觀歷史,我國監(jiān)獄服刑人員權(quán)益保障問題一直沒有得到應(yīng)有的重視,直到1992年國務(wù)院新聞辦公室發(fā)表的《中國改造罪犯的狀況》以及1994年頒布實(shí)施的《中華人民共和國監(jiān)獄法》,才最終在法律上確認(rèn)了服刑人員享有申訴權(quán)、辯護(hù)權(quán)、控告檢舉權(quán)等廣泛的基本權(quán)利,從此保障服刑人員的權(quán)益成為我國監(jiān)獄工作貫徹始終的一項(xiàng)重要工作；同時(shí),我國從國情實(shí)際出發(fā),轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)觀念,借鑒西方法治國家對服刑人員的權(quán)利保障理論與實(shí)踐,通過建立法律保障制度、物質(zhì)保障制度、工作保障制度和監(jiān)所檢察保障制度等措施,監(jiān)獄服刑人員權(quán)益保障取得了一定的成績,形成了有中國特色的監(jiān)獄服刑人員權(quán)益保障制度和模式,使得服刑人員的權(quán)益得到了更加充分的保障,標(biāo)志著我國現(xiàn)代化文明監(jiān)獄的建設(shè)已進(jìn)入依法治監(jiān)的法治規(guī)范化軌道。 但是,在行刑實(shí)踐過程中,由于服刑人員身份、地位具有特殊性,我國服刑人員的權(quán)益保障還面臨著諸多問題,如由于法律規(guī)定的局限性,我們往往只考慮法律規(guī)定服刑人員享有哪些權(quán)利,那些法律沒有規(guī)定、也沒有被限制的、服刑人員本應(yīng)享有的權(quán)利卻容易被我們忽視；再如,服刑人員要想行使其申訴、控告等權(quán)利,在現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定下,必須通過監(jiān)獄或獄警來行使。然而,監(jiān)獄或獄警同服刑人員地位相差懸殊,尤其對于那些不利于監(jiān)獄或獄警的控告和申訴,在缺乏中立第三方制約和監(jiān)督的情形下,服刑人員的這兩項(xiàng)權(quán)利完全形同虛設(shè),根本無法行使；再如,監(jiān)企合一使得多數(shù)監(jiān)獄為了追求利益最大化,普遍存在讓服刑人員從事超時(shí)間、超強(qiáng)度、超體力、高危險(xiǎn)性作業(yè)的現(xiàn)象等等,使得我們對服刑人員權(quán)益保障還不能徹底到位。究其原因,本文在第三部分分別從立法和執(zhí)法存在缺失、服刑人員權(quán)利保護(hù)程序存在缺失、以及我國是一個(gè)法律基礎(chǔ)薄弱的發(fā)展中國家,存在根深蒂固的重刑主義歷史傳統(tǒng)思想加以剖析。對于權(quán)利相對脆弱、又極易受到侵犯的服刑人員來說,如何讓他們的合法權(quán)益得到有效保障是我們不得不思考和關(guān)注的問題,也是本文選題的目的所在。文章第四部分試圖從進(jìn)一步健全和完善服刑人員權(quán)益保障的法律體系、權(quán)利保護(hù)程序的救濟(jì)機(jī)制和推進(jìn)監(jiān)獄改革,實(shí)行獄務(wù)公開,創(chuàng)新監(jiān)獄管理方式等三個(gè)方面,提出健全監(jiān)獄服刑人員權(quán)益保障制度的建議,這樣有利于我們從法律上明確服刑人員的基本權(quán)利,從實(shí)踐上保障服刑人員的基本權(quán)益,也有利于增強(qiáng)監(jiān)獄執(zhí)法者的權(quán)利保障觀念,提高執(zhí)法水平,真正做到保護(hù)服刑人員的權(quán)益免受不法侵害,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的法治國家的目的。 綜觀之,我國服刑人員權(quán)利從無到有；從僅僅依靠方針政策走到以立法加以規(guī)范的今天；從服刑人員觸犯刑法應(yīng)該得到報(bào)應(yīng)、根本無權(quán)利可言到服刑人員權(quán)利在監(jiān)獄行刑過程中的重要地位逐漸為人們所認(rèn)識,都經(jīng)歷了漫長的過程,這無疑是歷史和社會的進(jìn)步。但要真正實(shí)現(xiàn)法治社會,使服刑人員從犯罪——刑罰——行刑——重新回歸社會,期間的權(quán)益都能夠得到充分而有效地保障,還有較長的路要走,要循序漸進(jìn),不可能一蹴而就。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于著重從程序上保障服刑人員的權(quán)益,通過建立和完善服刑人員獲得律師幫助的制度；探索構(gòu)建服刑人員對監(jiān)獄的行政復(fù)議機(jī)制和行政訴訟救濟(jì)程序；保障服刑人員的控告檢舉權(quán)的實(shí)際享有三個(gè)方面,把法律上的“應(yīng)有權(quán)利”轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)中的“實(shí)有權(quán)利”,通過合法的程序救濟(jì)途徑保障服刑人員的權(quán)利免受不法侵害。
[Abstract]:Prison officers are the persons who have been sentenced to imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty by the state. In order to safeguard social justice and protect the legitimate rights and interests of other citizens, the criminal law is bound to restrict and deprive the prisoners of certain rights to punish. Individuals exist as human beings. They should enjoy the most basic rights and interests of the people. This is also a reasonable basis for the protection of prison prisoners' legitimate rights and interests in the beginning of this article.
However, throughout history, the issue of the protection of the rights and interests of prisoners in prison has not been paid much attention to. Until the State Council Press Office published the situation of "reforming criminals in China" in 1992 and the "People's Republic of China prison law" promulgated and implemented in 1994, it was finally confirmed in law that the prisoners enjoyed the right to appeal and the right to defend them. It is an important work to protect the rights and interests of the prisoners in our country. At the same time, our country starts from the actual conditions of the country, changes the traditional concept, and draws lessons from the theory and practice of the rights of the prisoners in the rule of law in the west, and establishes a legal guarantee system and material guarantee. Some measures have been made for the protection of prisoners' rights and interests, such as the barrier system, the work guarantee system and the procuratorial guarantee system of the prison. The system and mode of the protection of the rights and interests of the prisoners with Chinese characteristics have been formed, which make the rights and interests of the prisoners more fully protected, which marks the construction of the modern and civilized prison in our country. The rule of law in the rule of law should be standardized.
However, in the practice of execution, because of the identity of the prisoners, the status of the prisoners is special, and the protection of the rights and interests of the prisoners in our country still faces many problems. For example, due to the limitations of the law, we often only consider what the law stipulates the rights of the prisoners, which have not been stipulated or restricted by the law. The rights to be enjoyed are easily overlooked; again, the prisoners, who want to exercise their claims, accusations and other rights, must be exercised through prisons or prison guards in current law. However, prison or prison guards are very different from those of prisoners, especially for those who are not conducive to prisons or prison guards, in the absence of neutrality. Under the circumstances of the three parties' restriction and supervision, the two rights of the prisoners are completely ineffective and can not be exercised at all. The reason is that there is a lack of legislation and law enforcement in the third parts, the absence of the procedures for the protection of the rights of the prisoners, as well as a developing country with weak legal foundation, which has a deep-rooted historical tradition of heavy punishment. In the fourth part of the article, the fourth part of the article tries to improve and perfect the legal system of the protection of the rights and interests of the prisoners, the remedy mechanism of the rights protection procedure and the promotion of prison. The reform, the implementation of the prison open, the innovation of the prison management mode, and other three aspects, put forward suggestions to improve the system of the protection of the rights and interests of prison prisoners, which will help us to clearly define the basic rights of the prisoners from the law, safeguard the basic rights and interests of the prisoners in practice, and enhance the concept of the protection of the rights of the prison law enforcement officers, and improve the concept of the protection of the rights of the prison law enforcement officers. The level of law enforcement should truly protect the rights and interests of prisoners from unlawful infringement and ultimately achieve the goal of a truly ruled country.
In a comprehensive view, the rights of the prisoners in our country are from nothing to the present; from only relying on the policy and policy to the standard of legislation; from the criminal offenders that the criminal law should be retribution, there is no right to say that the important status of the rights of the prisoners in the process of prison execution has gradually been recognized by people and has gone through a long process, Undoubtedly, it is the progress of history and society. But to truly realize the rule of law society and make the prisoners return to the society from crime and punishment to the society, the rights and interests of the period can be fully and effectively guaranteed. There is a long way to go, it is necessary to step by step, and it can not be achieved overnight. The innovation of this article lies in the emphasis on the procedure. To guarantee the rights and interests of the prisoners, through the establishment and improvement of the system for the help of the lawyers, explore the administrative reconsideration mechanism and the administrative litigation relief procedures for the prison service personnel, and ensure the actual rights of the prisoners to be prosecute in three aspects, and transform the legal "due right" into reality. The right to protect the rights of prisoners is protected from illegal infringement through legitimate procedural remedies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D926.7

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