本文選題：韓國檢察官 + 選任制度��； 參考：《湘潭大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：韓國檢察官具有雙重法律地位,既是行政官員也是公訴人。檢察廳隸屬于法務(wù)部,系行政機關(guān),但同時也身負偵查、公訴、監(jiān)督等司法職能。韓國檢察官有權(quán)決定案件偵查程序的啟動和終結(jié),任何部門和機關(guān)在偵查開展前必須聽從檢察官的命令,檢察官對案件偵查的司法警察行使指揮權(quán)和監(jiān)督權(quán)。韓國的檢察官分為檢察總長、高等檢察長、地方檢察長、檢察官四個級別,每個檢察官都獨立行使檢察權(quán)。韓國的檢察官選任制度由古代監(jiān)察制度發(fā)展而來,新羅時期效仿唐朝設(shè)立司政府,監(jiān)察制度開始萌芽;高麗王朝時期基本確認司憲府的職能,監(jiān)察制度初步定格;朝鮮王朝時期司諫院和承政院等監(jiān)察機構(gòu)相互配合,正式形成了相對完善的監(jiān)察制度�，F(xiàn)代在借鑒法、德、日、美等國家法律制度的基礎(chǔ)上,從本國的實際情況出發(fā),司法實踐逐步發(fā)展和完善,形成了獨具特色的檢察官選任制度。韓國檢察官選任制度的主要內(nèi)容包括韓國檢察官的任職資格、任命、培訓、晉升考核等方面。在韓國要成為一名檢察官必須要具備良好的法學教育背景、基本的法律職業(yè)資格以及為期兩年且合格的司法研修等條件,任命之后還需要遵守輪換制度,且接受任職前及任職后的培訓,并要經(jīng)過嚴格的考核方可晉升。韓國檢察官制度中最有特色的是“特別檢察官制度”,其是國家為了避免敏感度較高的政治類案件被政府高層官員操縱司法以逃避罪責而設(shè)立的。韓國的特別檢察官的主要職權(quán)是偵查,其職權(quán)內(nèi)容、選任條件和選任程序也與一般檢察官存在一定的差異,作為韓國檢察制度最具特色的部分,特別檢察官在今年的“總統(tǒng)彈劾案”中發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用,特檢組為韓國反貪反腐立下了汗馬功勞。同時,韓國檢察制度建設(shè)中例如檢察官任職資格的高門檻,職前研修培訓,選拔任命,檢察機關(guān)的專業(yè)化建設(shè),檢警關(guān)系以及檢察權(quán)監(jiān)督制約等方面皆不乏特色,這些制度中可取的部分對中國有著一定的啟發(fā)意義。
[Abstract]:Korean prosecutors have dual legal status, both administrative officials and prosecutors. The Public Prosecutor's Office is subordinate to the Ministry of Justice and is an administrative organ, but also has judicial functions such as investigation, public prosecution, supervision and so on. Korean prosecutors have the right to decide the start and end of the case investigation procedure, any department and organ must obey the order of the prosecutor before the investigation, and the prosecutor exercises the command and supervision power to the judicial police of the case investigation. Prosecutors in Korea are divided into four levels: the Attorney-General, the Senior Attorney General, the District Attorney General, and the Public Prosecutor, each of whom exercises prosecutorial power independently. The system of selecting and appointing public procurators in Korea was developed from the ancient supervisory system, and the supervisory system began to sprout after the establishment of the department government in the Tang Dynasty during the Silla period, while the functions of the Si Xian were basically recognized in the period of the Koryo Dynasty, and the supervisory system was preliminarily fixed. In the period of the Korean Dynasty, the supervisory institutions such as the admonition Yuan and the Chengzhi Yuan cooperated with each other and formed a relatively perfect supervisory system. On the basis of drawing lessons from the legal systems of France, Germany, Japan and the United States, and proceeding from the actual situation of our country, the judicial practice has gradually developed and improved, forming a unique system of procurator selection and appointment. The main contents of the system include the qualification, appointment, training and promotion of Korean prosecutors. In order to become a prosecutor in Korea, he must have a good legal education background, basic legal professional qualifications and a two-year and qualified judicial study, and also have to abide by the rotation system after his appointment. And receive pre-service and post-service training, and must pass a strict assessment before promotion. The most characteristic of the Korean prosecutor system is the "special procurator system", which was set up by the state in order to avoid the high sensitivity of political cases being manipulated by senior government officials to evade criminal responsibility. The main functions and powers of special prosecutors in Korea are investigation, and their contents, selection conditions and procedures are also different from those of general prosecutors, which is the most characteristic part of the Korean procuratorial system. Special prosecutors have played a crucial role in this year's impeachment case, and the panel has done much to fight corruption in South Korea. At the same time, in the construction of the procuratorial system in South Korea, for example, the high threshold of procuratorial qualifications, pre-service training, selection and appointment, professional construction of procuratorial organs, relations between procurators and police, and supervision and restriction of procuratorial power are all lack of characteristics. The desirable parts of these systems have certain enlightening significance for China.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D931.26;DD916.3

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本文編號：1945303