本文選題：檢察機關 + 行政公益訴訟��； 參考：《寧波大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于行政訴訟法沒有規(guī)定行政公益訴訟,2015年7月1日,全國人大常委會通過公益訴訟試點授權決定。經過一年的試點,本文主要分三部分對檢察機關提起行政公益訴訟試點實踐中存在的問題進行理論上的研究,并在遵守現(xiàn)行法律的基礎上提出相關完善建議。第一部分主要論述了檢察機關提起行政公益訴訟的現(xiàn)狀。從一年的試點實踐來看,雖然公益訴訟的案件線索很多,但訴訟不多,而且集中在環(huán)保領域,對相關爭議問題并未展開討論和判定。試點中主要存在以下幾個問題:一是檢察機關的職能定位與訴訟地位不明問題,存在著借鑒刑事訴訟公訴人定位來構建行政公益訴訟定位的問題;二是試點創(chuàng)新的合法性問題,最高檢察院頒布的實施辦法中有關檢察機關有權向行政機關及其工作人員調查取證,行政機關及其工作人員應該配合以及以抗訴權代替上訴權的規(guī)定缺乏法律依據(jù);三是受案范圍狹窄問題,案件集中在環(huán)保領域;四是程序運行問題,如行政機關拒絕檢察機關的調查取證的后果如何承擔,以抗訴權取代上訴權與審判監(jiān)督程序中抗訴權混淆的問題。第二部分對檢察機關提起行政公益訴訟制度進行法理上的分析,對英美法系和大陸法系檢察機關的性質和提起公益訴訟制度進行了考察,其對行政公益訴訟的原告資格幾乎沒有限定。我國檢察權理論基礎主要是法律監(jiān)督理論、公益訴訟信托理論和訴訟擔當理論。第三部分根據(jù)《行政訴訟法》和《關于授權最高人民檢察院在部分地區(qū)開展公益訴訟試點工作的決定》等現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)范對檢察機關提起行政公益訴訟制度提出了完善建議。我國檢察權的性質是法律監(jiān)督權,檢察機關的定位是法律監(jiān)督者,在起訴前監(jiān)督行政機關依法行政;判決生效后,有權抗訴啟動審判監(jiān)督程序。但在審理程序中,檢察機關地位就是行政訴訟原告,或公益訴訟原告。公共利益受損是受案范圍的前提,但要對一些常見的、重點的損害國家利益、社會公共利益領域內的行政違法行為予以列舉。此外,對程序運行中的訴前督促程序、案件來源、調查取證、舉證責任、訴訟后果承擔等問題也提出了相關完善建議。
[Abstract]:As the Administrative Litigation Law does not provide for administrative public interest litigation, on July 1, 2015, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress (NPC) approved a pilot authorization for public interest litigation. After a year of pilot, this paper mainly divided into three parts to the procuratorial organs in the trial practice of administrative public interest litigation problems in theory, and in compliance with the existing laws on the basis of the relevant suggestions for improvement. The first part mainly discusses the current situation of the procuratorial organ to initiate the administrative public interest lawsuit. From the pilot practice of one year, although there are many clues in the case of public interest litigation, but there are not many litigation, and concentrated in the field of environmental protection, there is no discussion and determination of the related disputes. The main problems in the trial are as follows: first, the function orientation of the procuratorial organs and the status of litigation are unknown, there is the problem of drawing lessons from the position of the public prosecutor in criminal litigation to construct the positioning of administrative public interest litigation; second, the legitimacy of the innovation of the pilot project. In the implementing measures promulgated by the Supreme Procuratorate, the procuratorial organ has the right to investigate and collect evidence from the administrative organ and its staff, and the administrative organ and its staff should cooperate and replace the right of appeal with the right of protest. The third is the narrow scope of the case, the case is concentrated in the field of environmental protection; the fourth is the operation of the procedure, such as how the administrative organs bear the consequences of refusing the procuratorial organ to investigate and collect evidence. The confusion between the right of appeal and the right of protest in the procedure of trial supervision is replaced by the right of protest. In the second part, the author analyzes the legal principle of the procuratorial organ to initiate the administrative public interest litigation system, and investigates the nature of the procuratorial organ in the common law system and the civil law system and the institution of the public interest litigation system. There is almost no limitation on the plaintiff's qualification of administrative public interest litigation. The theoretical basis of procuratorial power in China is mainly legal supervision theory, public interest litigation trust theory and litigation responsibility theory. In the third part, according to the current laws and regulations, such as the Administrative Litigation Law and the decision to authorize the Supreme people's Procuratorate to carry out the pilot work of public interest litigation in some areas, the author puts forward some suggestions for the procuratorial organ to institute administrative public interest litigation system. The nature of procuratorial power in our country is the power of legal supervision, and the position of procuratorial organ is the legal supervisor, which supervises the administration of administrative organs according to law before prosecution; after the judgment comes into effect, the procuratorial organ has the right to protest and initiate the procedure of judicial supervision. But in the trial procedure, the procuratorial organ status is the administrative litigation plaintiff, or the public interest litigation plaintiff. The damage of public interest is the premise of the scope of the case, but it is necessary to enumerate some common and important administrative illegal acts in the field of public interest and social public interest. In addition, the author also puts forward some relevant suggestions on the procedure of pre-litigation supervision, case source, investigation and evidence collection, burden of proof, and the burden of litigation.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.3;D926.3

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