本文選題：判決理由 + 法律解釋�。� 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國法治建設(shè)的不斷推進(jìn),對法治的各個領(lǐng)域的制度要求越來越高,對法律工作者的個人要求也越來越高。法官作為法律公平正義的最后一個守門員,每年都有大量判決書出自其手,這些判決書不僅體現(xiàn)的是法院以及法官對案件的理解和態(tài)度,更體現(xiàn)的是我國法律的規(guī)范要求以及法律的價值取向。所以,判決書的地位不言而喻,而其中的判決理由更是其重要內(nèi)容,是實體正義與程序正義的具體體現(xiàn)。闡述清楚,論證充分的判決理由會促進(jìn)個案的正義和法治社會的進(jìn)步。對司法判決理由的概述首先從普通法系和大陸法系兩個方向闡明了司法判決理由的定義;然后描述了司法判決理由具有合法性、正當(dāng)性、合理性等特征;最后分析了司法判決理由存在的必要性,以確定其存在的理由和價值。司法判決理由從產(chǎn)生到發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了一個漫長的過程,而且不同地域有著不同的軌跡,了解這些軌跡有利于更深層次的理解和研究判決理由。對司法判決理由進(jìn)行了分解和剖析,提出了其構(gòu)成有哪些部分,本文主要論述了法律解釋和法律論證兩個部分。對這兩個重要部分進(jìn)行具體的分析說明,分析了司法判決理由中法律解釋的必要性以及解釋方法,分析了司法判決理由中法律論證的必要性以及法律論證的方法。通過這兩個部分明確了司法判決理由的形成過程以及其中的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。對域外司法判決理由的考察并得到啟示。通過對一些普通法系國家和一些大陸法系國家關(guān)于判決理由在理論上與實踐中的成果進(jìn)行考察研究,以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些優(yōu)點和缺陷,從而在其中得出啟示。兩大法系雖然在判決理由的具體形式,論證方式以及發(fā)展過程上有所不同,但是隨著兩大法系的交流和融合,大陸法系國家逐漸有著普通法系的特點。針對我國的司法判決理由進(jìn)行分析。首先分析了我國判決理由從古代判詞中的說理到現(xiàn)代判決書中的判決理由演變過程,我國現(xiàn)代的判決理由是一種外來因素影響的結(jié)果,但在我國古代對判詞說理的一些要求也是可以借鑒的;其次,通過列舉大量我國的現(xiàn)代判決書,分析其中的判決理由的語言表達(dá),說理方式以及論證過程,更直觀的反映出我國判決理由的特點。結(jié)合不同法系國家的判決理由的啟示和對我國現(xiàn)代司法判決理由的實證分析,對改進(jìn)我國的司法判決理由提出一些建議。從判決理由的內(nèi)容上要求解釋事實和法律應(yīng)當(dāng)全面細(xì)致,理由的唯一性,法官心證的理由應(yīng)當(dāng)記明并指明資料來源,證據(jù)取舍理由的記載,體現(xiàn)徹底的辯論主義和內(nèi)容的精簡;從判決理由的形式上對"爭議焦點型判決書"的提倡和在形式上應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的其他問題;另外,從法官的角度,要求提高法官隊伍的整體素質(zhì),建立有效的激勵機(jī)制和有效的監(jiān)督機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the rule of law in our country, the requirements of the system in all fields of the rule of law are becoming higher and higher, and the personal requirements of the legal workers are also becoming higher and higher. As the last goalkeeper of law, fairness and justice, judges come out of a large number of judgments each year, which not only reflect the understanding and attitude of the court and the judges to the case, More reflect the normative requirements of our law and the value orientation of the law. Therefore, the position of judgment is self-evident, and the reason of judgment is its important content, which is the concrete embodiment of substantive justice and procedural justice. Expounding clearly, demonstrating sufficient judgment reasons will promote the progress of justice and rule of law society in individual cases. The summary of the reasons for judicial decision first clarifies the definition of the reasons of judicial decision from the common law system and the civil law system, then describes the characteristics of the reasons of judicial decision, such as legality, legitimacy, rationality, etc. Finally, it analyzes the necessity of the existence of the reason of the judicial decision, in order to determine the reason and value of its existence. The reason of judicial decision has experienced a long process from its birth to its development, and different regions have different loci. Understanding these loci is beneficial to further understanding and studying the reasons of judgment. This paper analyzes the reasons of judicial decision, and puts forward the constitution of it. This paper mainly discusses two parts: legal interpretation and legal argumentation. The two important parts are analyzed in detail, the necessity and method of legal explanation in the reasons of judicial decision are analyzed, and the necessity of legal argumentation and the method of legal argumentation in the reason of judicial judgment are analyzed. Through these two parts, it clarifies the forming process of the reason of judicial decision and its internal logical relation. The investigation of the reasons for the extraterritorial judicial decision and its enlightenment. In order to find out some advantages and disadvantages and draw inspiration from the theoretical and practical achievements of some common law countries and some civil law countries on the grounds of judgment, this paper makes an investigation and study on the theoretical and practical results of the reasons for judgment. Although the two legal systems are different in the concrete form of the reason of judgment, the way of argumentation and the process of development, but with the exchange and integration of the two legal systems, the countries of the civil law system gradually have the characteristics of the common law system. This paper analyzes the reasons of judicial decision in our country. First of all, it analyzes the evolution process of the reason of judgment in our country from the reasoning in ancient judgment to the reason of judgment in modern judgment. The modern reason of judgment in our country is the result of the influence of external factors. However, in ancient China, some demands for judgment reasoning can also be used for reference. Secondly, by enumerating a large number of modern judgments in China, the paper analyzes the language expression, reasoning methods and argumentation process of the judgment reasons. More intuitively reflects our country judgment reason characteristic. Combined with the enlightenment of different legal system countries and the empirical analysis of the reason of modern judicial judgment in our country, some suggestions are put forward to improve the reason of judicial decision in our country. From the content of the reason of judgment, the explanation of facts and laws should be comprehensive and meticulous, the uniqueness of the reason, the reason of the judge's evidence should be recorded and pointed out the source of the information, the record of the reason of choosing and choosing the evidence, reflecting the thorough argumentalism and the simplification of the content; From the perspective of the judges, it is necessary to improve the overall quality of the ranks of judges in terms of the promotion of the "controversial focus judgment" in the form of the reasons for the judgment and other issues that should be paid attention to in the form. Establish effective incentive mechanism and effective supervision mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D926.2

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本文編號：1794000