本文選題：監(jiān)獄　切入點(diǎn)：功能　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：探討監(jiān)獄功能邊界的目的是要使人們對(duì)監(jiān)獄功能的定位能回歸理性，避免理論上的狂熱和實(shí)踐中的盲目，，使人們?cè)趯徟兄竽艹掷m(xù)關(guān)注罪犯在獄內(nèi)的懲罰與矯正效果，使人們能關(guān)注監(jiān)獄本身而不因?qū)π行躺鐣?huì)化的崇尚而忽視了監(jiān)獄和監(jiān)獄研究。本文的論證思路是分靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)兩個(gè)層面來論述監(jiān)獄功能的邊界。靜態(tài)層面立足監(jiān)獄懲罰、紀(jì)律規(guī)訓(xùn)、教化、勞動(dòng)，討論各塊本身的“價(jià)值”邊界。動(dòng)態(tài)層面以“國(guó)家－監(jiān)獄警察－罪犯”為架構(gòu)論述三者之間博弈，包括監(jiān)獄組織管理上監(jiān)獄與監(jiān)獄警察的博弈、監(jiān)獄警察與罪犯之間的博弈、罪犯在矯正上與國(guó)家的博弈等。靜態(tài)層面的邊界是基礎(chǔ)，動(dòng)態(tài)博弈是靜態(tài)層面邊界在實(shí)務(wù)中的延伸，二者并非截然分開。本文除了導(dǎo)言和結(jié)語(yǔ)，共分為六章。 導(dǎo)言包括問題的由來、文獻(xiàn)綜述、主要研究方法、論文的創(chuàng)新與不足四個(gè)部分。監(jiān)獄制度的理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)困境之間的矛盾是問題由來的初衷。監(jiān)獄制度的理想是既懲罰罪犯，又矯正罪犯。監(jiān)獄的現(xiàn)實(shí)成效與制度理想存在偏差。當(dāng)偏差產(chǎn)生時(shí)，人們很少考慮監(jiān)獄制度的理想目標(biāo)，而是指責(zé)實(shí)現(xiàn)方法的失誤，欲得與不可得之間，形成了騎虎難下之勢(shì)。文獻(xiàn)綜述包括三個(gè)方面，即國(guó)外對(duì)監(jiān)獄行刑效果的研究情況、國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)監(jiān)獄行刑效果的研究情況以及對(duì)若干借鑒理論的綜述。主要研究方法分為定量研究與定性研究相結(jié)合的方法和借鑒文化研究方法。論文創(chuàng)新包括論證思路的創(chuàng)新和內(nèi)容的創(chuàng)新。 第一章論述刑罰與監(jiān)獄功能的關(guān)系。通過對(duì)刑罰演進(jìn)的梳理，認(rèn)為監(jiān)獄功能的理論基礎(chǔ)來自刑罰中的報(bào)應(yīng)刑和目的刑學(xué)說。第一節(jié)論述監(jiān)獄功能的報(bào)應(yīng)刑理論解釋及其在監(jiān)獄中的實(shí)踐。報(bào)應(yīng)刑思想中，選取了近、現(xiàn)代刑罰理論中比較成熟、系統(tǒng)的康德的等量報(bào)應(yīng)論和黑格爾的等價(jià)值報(bào)應(yīng)論，闡述報(bào)應(yīng)刑時(shí)代監(jiān)獄功能的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。這一時(shí)期，監(jiān)獄功能實(shí)務(wù)發(fā)展的時(shí)間跨度較長(zhǎng)，在我國(guó)是從古代至清末獄制改良之前，在西方是從古代至十八世紀(jì)監(jiān)獄改革之前。第二節(jié)論述監(jiān)獄功能的目的刑理論解釋及其監(jiān)獄實(shí)踐。目的刑思想中，介紹了邊沁的功利主義思想、費(fèi)爾巴哈的“心理強(qiáng)制說”、龍勃羅梭社會(huì)防衛(wèi)思想、菲利刑事社會(huì)學(xué)思想和李斯特的教育刑思想，闡述目的刑時(shí)代監(jiān)獄功能的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。這一時(shí)期，監(jiān)獄功能實(shí)務(wù)發(fā)展的時(shí)間跨度在我國(guó)是從古代至清末獄制改良至今，在西方是從古代至十八世紀(jì)監(jiān)獄改革至今。第三節(jié)論述現(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄的運(yùn)行與功能。首先，論述現(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄的運(yùn)行，包括現(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄行刑模式、現(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄制度的藍(lán)本和現(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄建筑與規(guī)訓(xùn)藍(lán)本。現(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄的行刑模式介紹了教育模式、醫(yī)療模式、正義模式和恢復(fù)性司法模式�，F(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄制度的藍(lán)本介紹了奧本制、埃爾邁拉制和愛爾蘭制�，F(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄建筑與規(guī)訓(xùn)藍(lán)本介紹邊沁的“圓形監(jiān)獄”和監(jiān)獄規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力在“圓形監(jiān)獄”中的運(yùn)行。其次，論述刑罰與監(jiān)獄、刑罰功能與監(jiān)獄功能。刑罰的范疇大于監(jiān)獄，現(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄是自由刑的執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)。刑罰功能與監(jiān)獄功能兩者，既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別。刑罰功能立足于刑事制裁的宏觀視角，以刑事制裁的整體為依托，是刑事制裁在國(guó)家治理中的總體效用。它以各類刑罰執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)的執(zhí)行效果為基礎(chǔ)。監(jiān)獄功能立足于監(jiān)獄這一具體的刑罰機(jī)關(guān)，是指規(guī)訓(xùn)和再社會(huì)化被判處監(jiān)禁刑罪犯的效用。監(jiān)獄功能是刑罰功能的重要組成部分，刑罰功能的范疇大于監(jiān)獄功能。監(jiān)獄功能分為對(duì)罪犯產(chǎn)生作用的直接功能和對(duì)罪犯以外的人產(chǎn)生作用的間接功能。前者包括剝奪或限制再犯能力、懲罰、紀(jì)律規(guī)訓(xùn)、教化、勞動(dòng)，后者包括安撫和警示。本文論述的是直接功能，包括懲罰功能、教化功能和勞動(dòng)功能。第三，論述規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力與監(jiān)獄功能的邊界，規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力遭受到抵抗，阻止了監(jiān)獄功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)，是權(quán)力意義上的監(jiān)獄功能的邊界。 第二章論述懲罰功能的目標(biāo)期待與邊界。第一節(jié)論述懲罰功能的傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo)與現(xiàn)實(shí)效果。第二節(jié)論述懲罰功能的邊界，包括懲罰和規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律。懲罰的價(jià)值邊界包括懲罰要素對(duì)懲罰的限制和懲罰沒有觸及犯罪的根源。正義、人道和秩序是現(xiàn)代監(jiān)獄應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的基本要素，同時(shí)對(duì)監(jiān)獄懲罰功能的發(fā)揮構(gòu)成限制。監(jiān)禁懲罰關(guān)注對(duì)罪責(zé)的執(zhí)行，這種事后懲罰無(wú)法溯及犯罪的前因。監(jiān)獄懲罰的實(shí)務(wù)邊界指剝奪或限制再犯能力的效力有時(shí)間界線、監(jiān)禁產(chǎn)生負(fù)作用、監(jiān)禁懲罰的威懾作用有限。監(jiān)獄規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律是懲罰在技術(shù)上的表現(xiàn)。規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律發(fā)揮作用需要具備時(shí)間和空間條件。紀(jì)律作用的總體能量限定在一定的區(qū)間，規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律對(duì)罪犯行為的調(diào)節(jié)、約束也只在一定的范圍內(nèi)起作用。規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律在造就獄內(nèi)秩序的同時(shí)，容易掩蓋實(shí)質(zhì)。由于習(xí)慣和技術(shù)操作上的難度，道德在紀(jì)律考核中受到冷落。規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律的秩序效力只達(dá)于監(jiān)獄這個(gè)特定的空間和罪犯刑期這段特定的時(shí)間，它對(duì)罪犯出獄之后產(chǎn)生的影響有限。在實(shí)務(wù)中，監(jiān)獄警察對(duì)規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律的執(zhí)行受到罪犯群體影響，部門利益的驅(qū)使損害了規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律的權(quán)威。規(guī)訓(xùn)運(yùn)行的邊界在監(jiān)獄長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)獄警察兩個(gè)層面的表現(xiàn)不同。監(jiān)獄長(zhǎng)難以對(duì)某個(gè)或某些犯人進(jìn)行觀察和持續(xù)觀察。監(jiān)獄警察沒有足夠的時(shí)間用于觀察和記錄犯人的行為。 第三章論述教化功能的目標(biāo)期待與邊界。第一節(jié)論述教化功能的傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo)與現(xiàn)實(shí)效果。第二節(jié)論述教化功能的價(jià)值邊界和實(shí)務(wù)邊界。教育的工具價(jià)值，是知識(shí)通過一定的方式所起的實(shí)際作用，如科學(xué)知識(shí)只有被學(xué)生掌握并被運(yùn)用來解決問題，實(shí)現(xiàn)目的的過程。監(jiān)獄教育工具價(jià)值的邊界表現(xiàn)在它的作用受限于罪犯對(duì)教育的認(rèn)可、教育對(duì)罪犯的塑造以及對(duì)罪犯出獄之后就業(yè)謀生的幫助。道德作用開始于它的實(shí)踐性，而監(jiān)獄道德教育實(shí)踐性的缺乏是它對(duì)罪犯產(chǎn)生作用的邊界。監(jiān)管安全被擺在突出的位置，對(duì)監(jiān)獄教化工作形成擠兌。監(jiān)獄教育與教育原則存在沖突。監(jiān)獄教育的行政強(qiáng)制性與啟發(fā)性原則存在沖突；行刑制度、罪犯的個(gè)體情況和監(jiān)獄的有限資源形成了對(duì)循序漸進(jìn)原則的沖突；監(jiān)獄教育在課堂形式、課程設(shè)計(jì)等組織管理中存在的客觀困難對(duì)因材施教原則形成沖突。監(jiān)獄教化的評(píng)估指向罪犯在獄內(nèi)的“過去”表現(xiàn)，或者是以這種“過去”的表現(xiàn)來預(yù)測(cè)其未來重新犯罪的情況。教化評(píng)估的結(jié)果與罪犯釋放之后的社會(huì)環(huán)境的銜接存在距離。道德教育的實(shí)務(wù)邊界表現(xiàn)在德育內(nèi)容與罪犯?jìng)�(gè)體的匹配性不足，德育的最佳時(shí)期與罪犯年齡不符；監(jiān)獄警察在管理與教育中存在角色沖突；監(jiān)獄警察的道德示范性有限。這種客觀沖突的背后是組織結(jié)構(gòu)、功能及分工在實(shí)務(wù)中的混亂。 第四章論述勞動(dòng)功能的目標(biāo)期待與邊界。第一節(jié)論述勞動(dòng)功能的傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo)與現(xiàn)實(shí)效果。第二節(jié)論述監(jiān)獄勞動(dòng)功能的價(jià)值邊界和實(shí)務(wù)邊界。監(jiān)獄勞動(dòng)的價(jià)值邊界包括勞動(dòng)本身的邊界和勞動(dòng)改造理論的缺陷。按照涂爾干對(duì)社會(huì)團(tuán)結(jié)的分類，監(jiān)獄罪犯群體是一個(gè)類似于機(jī)械團(tuán)結(jié)的社會(huì)。它的成員是罪犯，在身份上具有同質(zhì)性。這個(gè)群體受到外界因素（國(guó)家）的強(qiáng)制干預(yù)，由壓制性規(guī)范調(diào)整成員中的行為，壓制性規(guī)范是這個(gè)群體的集體意識(shí)。在機(jī)械團(tuán)結(jié)的背景下，監(jiān)獄勞動(dòng)具有人為性、強(qiáng)制性、功利性和報(bào)酬性特征，受這些特征的影響，監(jiān)獄勞動(dòng)對(duì)罪犯團(tuán)結(jié)合作、責(zé)任意識(shí)、誠(chéng)信品質(zhì)、自立信心培養(yǎng)的作用受到局限。勞動(dòng)改造理論缺陷主要有勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造人與勞動(dòng)改造罪犯的時(shí)間條件不同；勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造人與勞動(dòng)改造罪犯的內(nèi)容不同；勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造人與勞動(dòng)改造罪犯的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同。監(jiān)獄勞動(dòng)功能的實(shí)務(wù)邊界是罪犯在勞動(dòng)中形成的消極狀況。罪犯處于哪一種勞動(dòng)狀況，受外界因素的刺激而發(fā)生變化。罪犯?jìng)�(gè)人或家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件是調(diào)節(jié)罪犯勞動(dòng)狀況的杠桿。勞動(dòng)消極狀況產(chǎn)生于罪犯之間的歧視性對(duì)比，是對(duì)笨重而又低廉勞役的嫌棄，實(shí)質(zhì)是對(duì)財(cái)富和社會(huì)尊敬的渴望。 第五章論述監(jiān)獄組織管理的功能困境。本章討論監(jiān)獄組織管理功能困境中的兩個(gè)問題，即監(jiān)獄工作的失衡與績(jī)效評(píng)估的異化和監(jiān)獄科技的邊界。實(shí)務(wù)中，“規(guī)范執(zhí)法”擠占了“矯正罪犯”的空間，兩者失去了平衡，這種現(xiàn)狀產(chǎn)生于監(jiān)獄組織管理的弊端。監(jiān)獄是科層制組織，層級(jí)制的特征使下一層級(jí)受制于上一層級(jí)；人事任命自上而下，使下一層級(jí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)受制于上一層級(jí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。“政治人”的升遷動(dòng)機(jī)受上一層級(jí)及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)喜愛的影響。取悅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是在升遷資本中占有不可替代的重要作用。在新媒體時(shí)代，新媒體輿論監(jiān)督在監(jiān)獄工作效果、公眾監(jiān)督和取悅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)之間形成了一種更加快捷的傳遞方式。新媒體輿論無(wú)法對(duì)專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的“罪犯矯正”領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行評(píng)判，它把目光聚焦于監(jiān)獄的“規(guī)范執(zhí)法”領(lǐng)域。因此，監(jiān)獄上一層級(jí)更加注重下一層級(jí)的“規(guī)范執(zhí)法”工作，下一層級(jí)取悅上一層級(jí)更加把重心放在了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)關(guān)心的“規(guī)范執(zhí)法”領(lǐng)域，“規(guī)范執(zhí)法”的組織目標(biāo)經(jīng)過層層放大，最終被無(wú)限放大，形成了對(duì)矯正罪犯工作的壓倒性擠兌。這種狀況導(dǎo)致了監(jiān)獄績(jī)效評(píng)估的重點(diǎn)不是監(jiān)獄矯正罪犯的主業(yè)，而是轉(zhuǎn)向了以監(jiān)管安全體系為核心的規(guī)范執(zhí)法工作。績(jī)效評(píng)估出現(xiàn)偏差，必然導(dǎo)致問責(zé)出現(xiàn)偏差。這打擊了監(jiān)獄警察矯正罪犯的積極性。績(jī)效評(píng)估的異化強(qiáng)化了監(jiān)獄工作的失衡狀態(tài)。 監(jiān)獄科技在組織管理中產(chǎn)生困境的理論基礎(chǔ)是法蘭克福學(xué)派的科技批判理論。監(jiān)獄科技化優(yōu)化了警戒設(shè)施，在一定程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)了監(jiān)獄工作效力的提高。然而，科技是一把雙刃劍，科技在監(jiān)獄中的應(yīng)用遭遇了新的問題，使監(jiān)獄科技面臨組織管理上的困境。監(jiān)獄科技是監(jiān)獄規(guī)訓(xùn)罪犯的工具還是實(shí)體，性質(zhì)不明。在矯正中，監(jiān)獄科技與規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力的交融并未實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)罪犯的真正規(guī)訓(xùn)。監(jiān)獄科技化的同時(shí)弱化了監(jiān)獄警察的能力、監(jiān)獄科技中的監(jiān)控使監(jiān)獄警察對(duì)監(jiān)獄產(chǎn)生了不信任，這些負(fù)面效應(yīng)給監(jiān)獄規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力埋下了隱憂。監(jiān)獄科技所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是“關(guān)聯(lián)環(huán)境”缺失的必然結(jié)果。 第六章論述罪犯群體權(quán)力與監(jiān)獄功能邊界。監(jiān)獄中存在著僅有的兩個(gè)群體，即監(jiān)獄警察群體與罪犯群體。這兩個(gè)群體既對(duì)立，又融合。罪犯群體權(quán)力產(chǎn)生的理論基礎(chǔ)是社會(huì)交換理論。罪犯群體權(quán)力產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力是對(duì)有限資源的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與交換，獄內(nèi)有限資源包括有限的物質(zhì)資源、有限的司法獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和有限的優(yōu)越感。罪犯群體權(quán)力產(chǎn)生的外部條件是規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力運(yùn)行的局限與國(guó)家對(duì)規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力的約束，表現(xiàn)在監(jiān)控、生活管理、教育感化和勞動(dòng)上。罪犯群體權(quán)力的產(chǎn)生是內(nèi)在動(dòng)力與外部條件共同作用的結(jié)果。在共同作用中，罪犯對(duì)有限資源的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)要向監(jiān)獄組織靠攏，依附于監(jiān)獄官方的權(quán)威；監(jiān)獄彌補(bǔ)“監(jiān)獄警察—罪犯”兩極社會(huì)中規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力末端的不足，要借助向監(jiān)獄組織靠攏的罪犯，以實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力的無(wú)窮延伸。它有自己的載體和運(yùn)行規(guī)律。罪犯群體權(quán)力具有依附性和相對(duì)獨(dú)立性的特征。依附性表現(xiàn)為罪犯群體在兩極社會(huì)中處于被支配地位。相對(duì)獨(dú)立性表現(xiàn)為它有自己的規(guī)則；有自己的邏輯、方法和語(yǔ)言；講究個(gè)人魅力與威望。罪犯群體權(quán)力對(duì)監(jiān)獄功能的約束就產(chǎn)生于它的相對(duì)獨(dú)立性，并受改造功利性的利益杠桿調(diào)節(jié)。罪犯群體權(quán)力的約束發(fā)生在監(jiān)獄規(guī)定不明確之處，體現(xiàn)非暴力的特征。它對(duì)監(jiān)獄功能的約束表現(xiàn)在規(guī)訓(xùn)紀(jì)律、有限資源的分配、監(jiān)獄教化和監(jiān)獄勞動(dòng)上。 結(jié)語(yǔ)論述正義、理性與功利博弈狀態(tài)下的監(jiān)禁刑困境。結(jié)語(yǔ)中概述了論證思路，并明確指出國(guó)家、監(jiān)獄警察與罪犯三者之間的博弈是正義、理性與功利之間的博弈。刑罰正義困境的內(nèi)核是懲罰與矯正的不可調(diào)和，獄警理性產(chǎn)生了掩蓋真實(shí)的“表面秩序”，罪犯功利調(diào)節(jié)了罪犯群體權(quán)力的指向。正義、理性與功利之間的博弈使現(xiàn)代監(jiān)禁刑陷入了“名”與“實(shí)”相分離的困境。論文對(duì)監(jiān)獄功能邊界的討論并不是要否定監(jiān)獄的存在，至今監(jiān)獄仍然是一種必要的存在。人們對(duì)監(jiān)獄制度的美好理想應(yīng)當(dāng)被監(jiān)獄功能邊界的理性收服，對(duì)監(jiān)獄目標(biāo)和制度的修正應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮監(jiān)獄功能的邊界，否則只會(huì)使正義、理性與功利之間的博弈越發(fā)激烈，現(xiàn)代監(jiān)禁刑的困境越陷越深。
[Abstract]:To investigate the function of prison boundary's purpose is to make people to prison function positioning can return to rational, avoid fads in both theory and practice blindly, so that people can continue to focus on the criminals in prison in the punishment and correction after the trial, so that people can pay attention to the prison itself and not because of the socialization of advocating and ignore the prisons and prison research. This article is divided into two static and dynamic perspectives on the function of the prison boundary. The static level based on the prison punishment, discipline discipline, education, labor, and discuss the block itself is the "value" in the aspect of dynamic boundary. "National prison police criminal" as the framework of the game between the three, including the organization and management of prisons and prison prison police game, the game between the prison police and criminals, criminals in the correction and the national game. The boundary is the basis for the static level, The dynamic game is the extension of the static boundary in the practice, and the two are not completely separated. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into six chapters.
The introduction includes the origin of the problem, literature review, research methods, innovations and deficiencies of four parts. The contradiction between the ideal and the reality of the plight of the prison system is the origin of the mind. The prison system is ideal not only punish the criminals and criminal correction. The prison system into effect and realistic ideal when the deviation deviation. When people rarely consider the ideal goal of the prison system, they blame the realization method of error between desire and can not be formed, difficult reality. The literature review includes three aspects, namely foreign to the prison execution effect research, domestic research on prison execution effect and the review of the theory of reference the main research methods. Several methods for quantitative study and qualitative study and reference method of culture research. The innovation of this thesis include the demonstration innovation the innovative ideas and content.
The first chapter discusses the relationship between penalty and prison function. Based on the evolution of penalty sort, that the theoretical basis of the function of prison penalty from the purpose of retribution and punishment. The doctrine of retributive punishment theory to explain the first section discusses the function and practice of prison in prison. Retribution concept, selection of nearly mature, modern penalty in theory, the system of Kant's equal retribution theory and Hagel's value retribution theory, elaborated the philosophical basis of retribution punishment era prison function. During this period, the development of prison function practice and long time span in China before the ancient and the reformation of the prison system in the West in the late Qing Dynasty, from ancient times to eighteenth Century before the prison reform the second section discusses the function of the prison. The purpose of criminal theory and practice. The purpose of punishment in prison, introduces Bentham's utilitarianism, Feuerbach's "theory of psychological compulsion", the dragon. Rousseau thought of social defense, criminal sociology of education punishment thought Philip thought and Lester, describes the philosophical basis of objective function of prison punishment era. During this period, the function of the prison practice development time span in China is far from the ancient times to the end of the Qing Dynasty prison reform, in the west is far from the ancient prison reform. Third to eighteenth Century discusses the operation and function of modern prison. Firstly, discusses the modern prison operation, including the modern prison system, based on the modern prison system and modern prison construction and discipline. Based on the modern prison execution mode introduces the mode of education, healthcare, justice and restorative justice model. Based on the modern prison system the Auburn system, El Myra and the Irish system. Modern prison construction and discipline based on introduction of Bentham's Panopticon and prison disciplinary power in "round the prison" In the operation. Secondly, discusses the penalty and the penalty function and the function of the prison, prison. The penalty category is greater than the modern prison, prison is the executive organ of freedom penalty. The penalty function and the function of the prison, there are both connections and differences between the macro perspective. Based on the penalty function of criminal sanctions, to criminal sanctions on is the overall utility of criminal sanctions in the governance of the country. It is based on all kinds of penalty executive organ performance. Based on the function of the prison prison penalty refers to specific organs, discipline and re socialization was sentenced to imprisonment of criminals. The prison utility function is an important part of the penalty function, penalty function the category is greater than the prison function. The prison function is divided into indirect function directly affect the function of the criminal and the criminal people outside effect. The former includes deprivation or restriction of recidivism, punishment, discipline Discipline, education, labor, the latter including comfort and warning. This is a direct function, including the penalty function, education function and work function. Third, discusses the power of discipline and prison function boundary, disciplinary power suffered resistance, prevents the realization of the function of prison, is the power of the sense of prison function the boundary.
The second chapter discusses the goal and boundary of penalty function. The traditional goal and the reality effect of the first section discusses the function of punishment. The second section discusses the function of punishment boundaries, including punishment and discipline discipline. Punishment punishment includes the value of boundary elements on the punishment of restrictions and punishments origin did not touch the crime. Justice, humanity and order is basic the elements of modern prison shall have, at the same time as a constraint on the function of prison punishment. Punishment attention to crime execution, this punishment cannot be retroactive criminal antecedents. Practice refers to the effect of boundary of prison punishment and deprivation or restriction of recidivism is the time line, imprisonment have negative effects, the deterrent effect of punishment. The prison prison discipline discipline punishment in technology performance. Discipline discipline play a role requires time and space conditions. The overall effect is limited in energy discipline A certain interval, adjust the discipline discipline on criminal behavior, constraints only in a certain range of work. The discipline discipline in prison in order to create the essence. At the same time, easily concealed by habit and technical operation difficulty, morality is ignored in discipline evaluation. The discipline discipline effect of order in this particular space prison and criminals sentence this particular time, its impact on the criminals after the release. In practice, the prison police to discipline discipline by criminal groups, departments interests damage discipline discipline discipline authority. In two different boundary operation the level of prison and prison police. The warden to one or some of the prisoners were observed and continuous observation. The prison police don't have enough time to observe and record the prisoners.
The third chapter discusses the goal and boundary of the educational function. The first section discusses the traditional goal of the educational function and practical effect. The second section discusses the educational function and practical value boundary boundary. The tool value of education, the actual effect is by some way the knowledge, such as scientific knowledge only by students to master and be used to solve the problem, achieving the purpose of the process. The prison education tool value in its boundary is limited to the criminal of Education approval, education of criminals and criminals to create employment for a living. When he got out of the practical moral role began in it, and the prison moral education the lack of practice is that it has an effect on criminals the boundary. Safety supervision in a prominent position, the formation of a run on prison education work. There is a conflict of prison education and education. The principle of prison education administrative compulsory and Rev. There is a conflict of principles; criminal penalty system, limited resources and individual prison formed on the principle of gradual conflict; prison education in the form of classroom, curriculum design and other objective difficulties exist in organization and management of conflicts between the principles of individualized teaching. The evaluation to Prison Criminals in prison in the past. Or is this past performance to predict the future re crime. After the results of the assessment and education cohesion criminals free social environment exist. The practice of moral education from the boundary performance education and individual criminals in Germany, the lack of the best period of moral education and the criminal age; prison police there are role conflict in the management and education; the prison police moral demonstration. Behind this conflict is the objective function and organizational structure, division of labor in practice Chaos in the middle.
The fourth chapter discusses the goal and boundary of labor function. The first section discusses the goal of traditional labor function and realistic effect. The second section discusses the boundary value function of prison labor and practical boundary value boundary. The prison labor includes labor itself boundary and labor reform theory defects. Durkheim's classification of social unity in accordance with. The criminals group is similar to a mechanical solidarity society. Its members are criminals, have the same identity. This group by external factors (state) of the compulsory intervention by oppressive regulation of members of the bank, oppressive norm is the collective consciousness of the group. In the context of mechanical solidarity, prison labor is artificial, mandatory, utilitarian and compensation characteristics, affected by these characteristics, the prison labor of criminals in unity and cooperation, sense of responsibility, honesty, self confidence cultivation The effect is limited. Theoretical defect of labor reform mainly have the time and labor conditions and labor to create different criminals; content of labor to create and labor reform criminals are different; measure labor creates human and labor reform of criminals. The practice of different boundary prison labor function is formed in the labor of the criminal offenders in the negative situation. What kind of labor conditions, affected by external factors to stimulate and change. The criminal personal or family economic condition is the regulation of criminal work status lever. Contrast discrimination of labor produced in the negative situation among criminals, is bulky and cheap labour of the mind, is the essence of desire for wealth and social respect.
The fifth chapter discusses the function of the plight of prison management. This chapter discusses two problems in the plight of the prison organization management functions, namely imbalance and performance evaluation of prison work alienation and prison technology boundaries. In practice, "law enforcement" crowding out "criminal correction" of space, they lose the balance, this situation in the organization and management of the prison. The prison abuse is bureaucracy, hierarchy of features to the next level subject to a level of personnel appointment; from top to bottom, the next level of leadership is subject to a level of leadership. "Political man" by the upper level promotion motivation and leadership. Please enjoy leadership is an important role in the promotion of capital occupies the irreplaceable. In the era of new media, new media supervision work in prison, a more efficient transfer between the public supervision and to please the leadership New media public opinion. To the professional "criminal correction" field of evaluation, it focus on the prison "standardize law enforcement field. Therefore, the prison on the level of pay more attention to the next level of" norms of law enforcement work, the next level please a level more focus on leadership concerned about the "norms of law enforcement", "law enforcement" organizational goals through layers of amplification, was eventually formed an overwhelming unlimitedly, run on the criminal correction work. This situation leads to the prison of performance evaluation is not the focus of the prison correction criminal business, but turn to the safety supervision system as the core of the norms of law enforcement work. The performance evaluation of the deviation, will inevitably lead to accountability deviation. The enthusiasm of the prison police against criminal correction. The alienation of performance evaluation to strengthen the imbalance of prison work.
The theoretical basis of prison technology creates difficulties in organization management is the critical theory of the Frankfurt School of science and technology. Science and technology to optimize the prison guard facilities, to a certain extent in the prison work efficiency. However, technology is a double-edged sword, science and technology in prison be encountered new problems, leaving the prison

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D916.7


本文編號(hào)：1710325