我國法官權(quán)利保障研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-03-26 13:25
本文選題:法官 切入點(diǎn):權(quán)利 出處:《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文
【摘要】:在依法治國進(jìn)程日益推進(jìn)的今天,人民法院肩負(fù)著貫徹依法治國基本方略的重要使命,,人民法官作為社會糾紛的化解者、社會和諧的促進(jìn)者和社會正義的維護(hù)者,其自身的權(quán)利如何保障,越來越多地被社會各界所關(guān)注。在司法實踐中,法官權(quán)利保障對于提升法官的職業(yè)尊嚴(yán)和社會聲望、促進(jìn)法官依法獨(dú)立公正審判有著十分重要的意義。黨的十七大以來,我國司法領(lǐng)域的各項改革方興未艾、成效突出,但是,法官權(quán)利保障卻未得到應(yīng)有的重視,其理論研究不夠系統(tǒng)深入、政策措施更是無從下手。因此,對法官權(quán)利保障問題開展研究,積極探索具有中國特色的法官權(quán)利保障制度,對于實現(xiàn)司法公正,提高司法效率,加快我國司法改革的進(jìn)程,打造一支高素質(zhì)、強(qiáng)能力并且比較穩(wěn)定的法官隊伍,顯得十分迫切和必要。構(gòu)建并不斷完善法官權(quán)利保障制度是一項社會系統(tǒng)工程,應(yīng)著眼于我國的政治體制改革和司法改革大局,并有賴于立法機(jī)關(guān)、黨政機(jī)關(guān)、司法機(jī)關(guān)和社會各界的共同支持和長期努力。 從上述理論觀點(diǎn)和實踐需要出發(fā),本文以法官權(quán)利保障為主題,通過實證調(diào)研、文獻(xiàn)綜述和比較分析,對這一主題的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了比較全面的研究。 本文包括緒論和四章。 緒論。介紹法官權(quán)利保障這一問題的研究背景和意義,對法官職業(yè)保障、法官權(quán)利保障、法官權(quán)力保障等若干重要概念加以明晰,并將它們之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系加以說明。 第一章:法官權(quán)利保障的基本理論。首先對法官權(quán)利的定義及法官權(quán)利保障的內(nèi)涵作了界定。法官權(quán)利是法律所確立的權(quán)利,是指法官為合法、有效地履行職務(wù)所享有的、受法律保護(hù)的權(quán)利和利益。法官權(quán)利保障主要包含法官獨(dú)立審判權(quán)、身份權(quán)、經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)和履行職務(wù)時特別權(quán)利的保障。提出了如今法官權(quán)利保障的內(nèi)在必要性,對司法獨(dú)立的內(nèi)在要求,從基本內(nèi)涵、司法獨(dú)立的理論依據(jù)、司法獨(dú)立的前置性條件進(jìn)行分析。從理論與司法實踐的雙重角度上看,法官有人們廣泛關(guān)注的社會基礎(chǔ)、憲法中有關(guān)于獨(dú)立審判的規(guī)定、《法官法》頒布實施的法律依據(jù)和法院推行“維權(quán)”活動的實踐經(jīng)驗,論述了構(gòu)建與完善法官權(quán)利保障機(jī)制的可行性。 第二章:法官權(quán)利保障的域外考察。主要采取實證分析和比較研究的方法,對各國法官權(quán)利保障及其自身發(fā)展過程及本國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化狀況相適應(yīng)的個性特征進(jìn)行了分析研究。列出國際規(guī)范中的法官身份保障、經(jīng)濟(jì)保障和特別權(quán)利保障的內(nèi)容,將英美法系國家較為完善的法官權(quán)利保障和大陸法系國家較為系統(tǒng)的法官權(quán)利保障進(jìn)行比較分析。世界上大部分國家和地區(qū),特別是西方法治國家為保障法官獨(dú)立審判,均對法官權(quán)利保障問題作了具體明確的規(guī)定。如:法官終身制、高薪制、司法豁免制等權(quán)利保障,同時,許多國際文件也對法官權(quán)利保障做出了相關(guān)規(guī)定。通過具體闡述國際規(guī)范中的法官權(quán)利保障,了解英美法系、大陸法系等代表性國家和地區(qū)有關(guān)法官權(quán)利保障、身份保障、經(jīng)濟(jì)保障、尊嚴(yán)保障等方面的制度概況。然后對國際規(guī)范及兩大法系國家和地區(qū)法官權(quán)利保障從期限、地位、待遇等一系列制度上進(jìn)行比較研究,從事實上證實了國際規(guī)范及兩大法系表現(xiàn)出的相互借鑒、相互交融的趨勢。因此,比較分析域外法官權(quán)利保障的共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn),探求法官權(quán)利保障發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律,對我國法官權(quán)利保障的構(gòu)建與完善,將具有重要的借鑒與啟示作用。 第三章:我國法官權(quán)利保障的現(xiàn)狀評析。從我國法官心理和工作現(xiàn)狀來看,突出了法官心理面臨的內(nèi)外監(jiān)督的壓力、工作上面臨日益復(fù)雜的法律運(yùn)用及法官面臨日益增大的涉訴信訪壓力。由于我國現(xiàn)行的法官權(quán)利保障機(jī)制,無論是從質(zhì)量或數(shù)量上、觀念與制度雙重層面上都得不到有效的保障,從而導(dǎo)致了法官多方面權(quán)利保障不到位。其主要表現(xiàn)為法律規(guī)定過于原則導(dǎo)致法官獨(dú)立審判權(quán)不到位、管理體制不合理導(dǎo)致法官身份保障不到位、經(jīng)費(fèi)依附性導(dǎo)致法官經(jīng)濟(jì)待遇不到位、保護(hù)體制的缺陷導(dǎo)致法官職業(yè)特權(quán)的不落實。而權(quán)利保障不到位進(jìn)一步對法官心理狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。法官職業(yè)壓力主要來源于權(quán)利保障的不到位,其主要包括獨(dú)立審判、司法權(quán)威、法官地位及個人待遇等。因此,在分析我國法官權(quán)利保障現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,分別從觀念層面、制度層面、經(jīng)濟(jì)層面、技術(shù)層面等四個方面闡述我國法官權(quán)利保障不到位、不完善的成因。 第四章:我國法官權(quán)利保障的構(gòu)建與完善。通過對我國當(dāng)下法官權(quán)利保障的現(xiàn)狀評析,提出了不斷完善法官獨(dú)立權(quán)利保障、身份權(quán)利保障、經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利保障和特別權(quán)利保障的建議。逐步完善適合中國國情的法官權(quán)利保障體系和運(yùn)行機(jī)制,從制度上確保法官依法履行職權(quán),維護(hù)司法公正。首先,從外部環(huán)境和內(nèi)部制度雙方面實行構(gòu)建與完善法官的獨(dú)立審判權(quán);進(jìn)一步完善法官身份權(quán)利的保障,構(gòu)建法官終身任職制、免職程序法定化、職務(wù)變更自愿制及退休年齡適當(dāng)延長;完善法官經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利的保障,構(gòu)建合理的司法經(jīng)費(fèi)保障體系和合理的薪俸制度;完善法官履行職務(wù)時特別權(quán)利保障,分別從構(gòu)建法官司法豁免制度、強(qiáng)化法官刑法保護(hù)、構(gòu)建法官尊嚴(yán)保障、健全法官人身安全保障及身心健康保障機(jī)制五方面做了詳細(xì)論述,并結(jié)合國際規(guī)范、英美法系和大陸法系國家和地區(qū)有關(guān)法官權(quán)利保障方面比較成熟的經(jīng)驗,提出了若干設(shè)想和建議。 最后,本文提出:構(gòu)建并不斷完善法官權(quán)利保障制度是一項社會系統(tǒng)工程,應(yīng)著眼于我國的政治體制改革和司法改革大局,并有賴于立法機(jī)關(guān)、黨政機(jī)關(guān)、司法機(jī)關(guān)和社會各界的共同支持和長期努力。
[Abstract]:In the practice of administration of justice , the people ' s court bears the important mission of carrying out the basic strategy of ruling the country according to law , the people ' s judge is the mediator of social disputes , the promotion of social harmony and the maintenance of social justice . The reform in the judicial field of our country has been more and more important . In the practice of judicial practice , the judge ' s rights guarantee has not received due attention , and it is very urgent and necessary to construct and improve the judicial reform in our country .
From the above - mentioned theoretical viewpoint and practical need , this paper takes judge ' s rights protection as the subject , through empirical research , literature review and comparative analysis , carries on a comparatively comprehensive study on the related problems of this topic .
This article includes introduction and chapter four .
Introduction . Introduce the background and significance of the research background and significance of the judge ' s rights guarantee , and clarify some important concepts , such as judge ' s professional security , judge ' s rights safeguard , judge ' s power safeguard , etc . , and explain the differences and connections between them .
Chapter One : The basic theory of judge ' s rights guarantee . First , the definition of the judge ' s right and the connotation of judge ' s rights guarantee are defined . The judge ' s right is the right and the interests of the judge ' s right .
Chapter 2 : A comparative study of the rights of judges ' rights and their own development process and their own political , economic and cultural conditions .
Chapter 3 : The current situation of judge ' s rights guarantee in our country . From the view of the state of our judge ' s psychology and work , the author stresses the pressure of the internal and external supervision of the judge ' s psychology , and it is confronted with the increasingly complex legal application and the increasing legal representation of judge .
Chapter Four : The construction and perfection of the protection of the rights of the judges in our country . Through the analysis of the present situation of the current judge ' s rights guarantee , the author puts forward the suggestion to perfect the guarantee of the independent right of the judge , the guarantee of identity , the guarantee of economic rights and special rights .
To further improve the protection of the rights of the judge ' s identity , construct the tenure system of the judge , the law of the dismissal procedure , the voluntary system of job change and the appropriate extension of the retirement age ;
Perfecting the guarantee of the judge ' s economic rights , constructing a reasonable guarantee system of judicial funds and a reasonable salary system ;
In order to perfect the protection of the special rights of the judges in the performance of their duties , a detailed discussion is made on the establishment of the judicial immunity system of the judges , the protection of the criminal law of the judges , the construction of the protection of the dignity of the judges , the improvement of the personal safety of the judges and the mechanism of physical and mental health protection , and some ideas and suggestions are put forward in the light of the mature experience of international norms , the Anglo - American law system and the civil law system countries and regions .
Finally , this paper puts forward that the construction and continuous improvement of the system of judge ' s rights guarantee is a systematic project , which should focus on the reform of the political system and the reform of the judicial reform in our country , and it depends on the common support and long - term efforts of the legislature , the party and government organs , the judiciary and the community .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D926.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 丁文生;;中美法官經(jīng)濟(jì)保障比較研究[J];中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2014年03期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 代曉;論律師向法官的職業(yè)流動[D];中國政法大學(xué);2014年
本文編號:1668038
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