本文選題：破產(chǎn)和解制度　切入點：庭外和解　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：破產(chǎn)和解程序?qū)儆谄飘a(chǎn)程序中的重要組成部分。破產(chǎn)和解，是指法院在受理破產(chǎn)申請后，在破產(chǎn)程序終結(jié)前，債務(wù)人與債權(quán)人之間就延期償還、債務(wù)減免等問題達成協(xié)議，，中止破產(chǎn)程序，進而終結(jié)破產(chǎn)程序的一種法律制度。理論上，破產(chǎn)和解程序具有彌補清算程序不足的功能：債務(wù)人重建、債權(quán)人最大化受償及社會動蕩小。但在我國破產(chǎn)司法實務(wù)中，運用破產(chǎn)和解程序來處理的案件遠不及重整及清算程序的數(shù)量多，破產(chǎn)和解程序?qū)嶋H上處于被擱置的狀態(tài)。重整制度對防止企業(yè)破產(chǎn)、同時對企業(yè)復(fù)蘇起著積極作用，因此受到學(xué)界的青睞，而同樣是作為避免破產(chǎn)清算的破產(chǎn)和解制度，卻沒有受到適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注，對破產(chǎn)和解程序的研究仍然是破產(chǎn)法研究領(lǐng)域的被冷落的一方。鑒于此，本文力圖通過分析我國破產(chǎn)和解制度，討論我國破產(chǎn)和解中存在的若干問題，對我國的破產(chǎn)和解制度的完善提出一些有針對性的建議。文章約兩萬五千百余字，分四個部分論述： 第一部分：破產(chǎn)和解制度的概況。該部分首先界定破產(chǎn)和解的概念和性質(zhì)，指出破產(chǎn)和解的訴訟契約性質(zhì)。其次論述破產(chǎn)和解程序的現(xiàn)狀與功能，指出其具有債務(wù)人重建與債權(quán)人最大化受償?shù)裙δ�，明確了破產(chǎn)和解程序在整個破產(chǎn)程序中的地位。最后該部分對破產(chǎn)和解程序結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，該部分按照破產(chǎn)和解程序進行的順序，分為破產(chǎn)和解程序的啟動、破產(chǎn)和解協(xié)議的達成、破產(chǎn)和解程序的終結(jié)三個階段展開。 第二部分：我國破產(chǎn)和解制度存在的問題。在分析我國破產(chǎn)和解程序結(jié)構(gòu)的同時，對我國破產(chǎn)和解程序檢討。該部分就我國破產(chǎn)和解制度存在的問題，有重點地從六個方面進行了論述:1、私權(quán)自治與法律干涉的兩難選擇。2、破產(chǎn)和解中債務(wù)人面臨的問題。如破產(chǎn)清算原因與破產(chǎn)和解原因相同的立法為破產(chǎn)和解程序的啟動設(shè)置了過高的門檻，影響了債務(wù)人通過破產(chǎn)和解程序重建的希望；申請主體僅限于債務(wù)人，導(dǎo)致和解的適用率大大降低，也一定程度上影響了債權(quán)人的利益。以破產(chǎn)程序中若干小問題展開討論。3、保證人的利益保障。對實踐中存在三種意見進行分析：一、部分追償；二、不允許追償；三、全部追償。4、債權(quán)人權(quán)利保護的問題。本部分著重分析兩種對債權(quán)人利益保護不利的情形。5、破產(chǎn)和解程序中監(jiān)督主體的缺失。6、破產(chǎn)和解程序中法院職權(quán)的行使問題。法院職權(quán)過于弱化，導(dǎo)致了程序的不確定性增強，破產(chǎn)和解程序存在被操縱和濫用的可能。 第三部分：對域外有關(guān)破產(chǎn)和解制度的借鑒。本部分主要介紹域外庭外和解的規(guī)定、放寬破產(chǎn)和解申請主體的規(guī)定、賦予破產(chǎn)和解協(xié)議被強制履行的權(quán)利、對債權(quán)人最低清償率的規(guī)定、對債務(wù)人限制的規(guī)定、監(jiān)督機制等，為我國借鑒其它破產(chǎn)和解程序以完善自身現(xiàn)有制度指明了方向。 第四部分：我國破產(chǎn)和解制度的出路。該部分對本文第二部分提出的問題做了歸納，提出相應(yīng)的對策。 最后，以結(jié)語對文章中存在的不足做了說明。
[Abstract]:Bankruptcy reconciliation program is an important part in the bankruptcy procedure. In bankruptcy reconciliation, is refers to the court after accepting the application for bankruptcy in the bankruptcy proceedings before, between the debtor and creditors deferred repayment, debt relief agreement and other issues, suspend the bankruptcy proceedings, a legal system and the end of the bankruptcy procedure. In theory, bankruptcy the reconciliation program has to make up for the lack of liquidation function: the debtor creditor reconstruction, maximize repayment and social unrest. But in the judicial practice of bankruptcy cases in our country, using the bankruptcy reconciliation program to deal with the far and the number of restructuring and liquidation, bankruptcy reconciliation program is actually in limbo. Reforming the system of to prevent bankruptcy of enterprises at the same time, recovery plays a positive role, so scholars favor, is the same as to avoid bankruptcy liquidation bankruptcy reconciliation system, but no By proper attention, research on the bankruptcy reconciliation program is still on the bankruptcy law are being left out of the party. In view of this, this paper tries to analyze the bankruptcy settlement system in China, discuss the problems of bankruptcy reconciliation in our country and the perfection of the bankruptcy reconciliation system in our country and put forward some suggestions this article is about. Liangwanwuqianbaiyu words, is divided into four parts:
The first part: the overview of the bankruptcy reconciliation system. The first part defines the concept and nature of bankruptcy reconciliation, pointed out that the nature of the litigation contract bankruptcy reconciliation. Secondly discusses the status quo and the function of the bankruptcy reconciliation program, pointed out that it is the debtor and creditor reconstruction to maximize repayment function to clear the status of the bankruptcy reconciliation procedure in the whole procedure of bankruptcy at the end of this part. The analysis of the bankruptcy reconciliation program structure, the partial order in accordance with the bankruptcy reconciliation program, divided into the bankruptcy reconciliation program started, a bankruptcy settlement agreement, the end of the bankruptcy reconciliation program launched in three phases.
The second part: the existing bankruptcy reconciliation system in our country. In the analysis of the structure of bankruptcy reconciliation in our country at the same time, a review of the procedures of bankruptcy reconciliation in China. This part of the bankruptcy settlement system existing problem of our country, mainly from six aspects: 1, the autonomy of private law and the dilemma of interference.2, the debtor facing bankruptcy reconciliation in the same problem. Such as bankruptcy liquidation reasons and bankruptcy reconciliation legislation for reasons of the bankruptcy reconciliation program starting set a high threshold, affecting the debtor through the bankruptcy reconciliation program to rebuild hope; the main application is limited to the debtor, the applicable rate lead to reconciliation is greatly reduced, but also to some extent affected the interests of the creditors. In some small problems in the bankruptcy proceedings to discuss.3, guarantee to protect the interests of people. There are three views on practice analysis: a part of recovery; two, Do not allow recovery; three, all from.4, the creditor right protection. This part focuses on the analysis of two kinds of protection of the interests of creditors unfavorable situations.5, main body lacks.6 supervision procedure of bankruptcy conciliation, the exercise of the bankruptcy reconciliation program of the power of the court. The court authority to weaken, led to enhance the process of uncertainty there may be manipulated, and the abuse of the bankruptcy reconciliation program.
The third part: the relevant bankruptcy reconciliation system reference. The provisions of this section introduces the extraterritorial court settlement, relax the bankruptcy reconciliation for the main, given to the bankruptcy settlement agreement was forced to perform the rights of creditors, the minimum repayment rate of the provisions of the debtor restriction, supervision mechanism, for our country to draw lessons from other bankruptcy reconciliation procedures to improve their own existing system and pointed out the direction.
The fourth part: the bankruptcy reconciliation system in our country. The way problems of the second parts of this article summarized, put forward the corresponding countermeasures.
Finally, the conclusion of the shortcomings in the article in detail.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.291.92;D926.2

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