本文選題：判例法　切入點(diǎn)：判例　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在法治建設(shè)的進(jìn)程中,司法統(tǒng)一一直是個(gè)重要的話(huà)題,在追求司法統(tǒng)一的過(guò)程中,對(duì)于“同案不同判”的批判聲越來(lái)越多。圍繞這一現(xiàn)象,學(xué)界開(kāi)始了對(duì)判例的關(guān)注,因?yàn)榕欣兄裱壤脑瓌t,這樣可以促使類(lèi)似案件得到類(lèi)似的處理,這樣就能促進(jìn)司法適用的統(tǒng)一。帶著這一期盼,各地變開(kāi)始了關(guān)于“判例”的一系列實(shí)踐嘗試。從鄭州、天津等地的司法實(shí)踐到最高人民法院發(fā)布《關(guān)于案例指導(dǎo)工作的規(guī)定》文件的出臺(tái),案例指導(dǎo)制度成為了中國(guó)關(guān)于借鑒判例的一個(gè)選擇模式。文章就在在此背景下,展開(kāi)了對(duì)案例指導(dǎo)制度的學(xué)習(xí)和研究,希望能促進(jìn)該制度能發(fā)揮更好的實(shí)效,希望這樣的司法改革能真正解決中國(guó)法治進(jìn)程中存在的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。 文章分為四大部分,第一部分是案例指導(dǎo)制度基本問(wèn)題研究。首先厘清案例指導(dǎo)制度的相關(guān)概念,區(qū)別案例與判例、案例指導(dǎo)制度與判例制度,進(jìn)而界定案例指導(dǎo)制度的概念和定位,即將案例指導(dǎo)制度定位于規(guī)范法律適用活動(dòng)的一項(xiàng)司法創(chuàng)新制度。緊接著闡述案例指導(dǎo)制度的發(fā)展歷程,自新中國(guó)成立后,從一些典型案例的匯編到關(guān)于案例指導(dǎo)工作的探索,都為案例指導(dǎo)制度奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),最終形成了以文件出臺(tái)的《關(guān)于案例指導(dǎo)工作的規(guī)定》,從此確定了案例指導(dǎo)這一模式。選擇這樣的模式,是,在于案例指導(dǎo)制度特有的功能和價(jià)值,文章緊接著分析了案例指導(dǎo)制度在司法活動(dòng)中所具有的四點(diǎn)特有的價(jià)值,即為疑難案件提供辦案思路,拓寬法院系統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)指導(dǎo)方式,規(guī)范法官自由裁量權(quán)和增強(qiáng)審批說(shuō)理性。 文章第二部分主要介紹案例指導(dǎo)制度的表現(xiàn)形式和其存在的問(wèn)題。第一節(jié)首先簡(jiǎn)要介紹了案例指導(dǎo)制度的表現(xiàn)形式,即《關(guān)于案例指導(dǎo)工作的規(guī)定》,并對(duì)該《規(guī)定》進(jìn)行了概括介紹和評(píng)析。接著該部分第二節(jié)重點(diǎn)圍繞《規(guī)定》分析了在當(dāng)前案例指導(dǎo)制度存在的三點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,分別在指導(dǎo)性案例的創(chuàng)制、效力和適用三方面存在著的效力存爭(zhēng)議、適用難等問(wèn)題展開(kāi)了論述和分析。 文章第三部分主要圍繞與案例指導(dǎo)制度相關(guān)的我國(guó)古代“判例”和西方國(guó)家的判例制度進(jìn)行研究,文章從宏觀的角度考察了中國(guó)古代的法律足跡,找到關(guān)于“判例”的一項(xiàng)歷史痕跡,從中看出判例在古代對(duì)制定法的作用,即輔助補(bǔ)充制定法。定格西方,從無(wú)論英美法系還是大陸法系,都能見(jiàn)到判例的痕跡,尤其在以判例法為法律淵源的英美法系國(guó)家,更能找到關(guān)于判例制度的寶貴資源,在判例運(yùn)作方面,英美法系的判例法中有著很多可學(xué)習(xí)的技巧,如區(qū)別技術(shù),規(guī)避技術(shù)等。因此,文章從判例的效力和運(yùn)用兩方面對(duì)西方國(guó)家的判例制度進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)考察和學(xué)習(xí)。 第四部分也是該論文的重點(diǎn)部分,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外的考察,最終回歸到當(dāng)前的問(wèn)題,就如何完善案例指導(dǎo)制度,文章提出了筆者的建議。重點(diǎn)圍繞指導(dǎo)性案例的創(chuàng)制程序、效力定位和保障、指導(dǎo)性案例的適用條件和程序及案例指導(dǎo)制度的配套保障機(jī)制等幾方面進(jìn)行了詳實(shí)的論述,分別提出了具有針對(duì)性的意見(jiàn),主要是加強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)性案例效力的保障和推廣指導(dǎo)性案例的適用技術(shù)兩方面提出了完善對(duì)策。希望案例指導(dǎo)制度能夠走得更遠(yuǎn),更長(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:In the process of building the rule of law, judicial unity is always an important topic in the pursuit of judicial unity, for "somesentence" criticism. More and more focus on this phenomenon, scholars began to concern the case, because the case has to follow the precedent principle, this can make similar the cases are similar, so it can promote the unification of judicial application. With this expectation, try to change around a series of practice on the "case". From Zhengzhou, Tianjin and other places in the judicial practice to the Supreme People's Court issued "Regulations on case guidance work on the introduction of the document, as the case guidance system the China a selection mode on the reference case. In this background, the guidance system of case study and research, hoping to promote the system can play a better effect, hope this The judicial reform can truly solve the actual problems in the process of the rule of law in China.
The article is divided into four parts, the first part is the basic issue of the case guidance system. Firstly, clarifying the related concepts of case guidance system, difference between the case and the case, the case guidance system and case law system, and then defines the concept and position of case guidance system, the case refers to a judicial system innovation system to guide legal applicable specification then elaborated the development process of the case guidance system, after the founding of new Chinese, from some typical cases to explore the compilation of case guidance work, have laid a solid foundation for the case guidance system, and ultimately the formation of regulations to document issued "work on the case guidance", confirm the guidance from select case. This pattern is unique, is the case guidance system function and value, this paper makes an analysis of the case guidance system in the judicial activities of the It has four unique values, namely, providing a way of handling cases for difficult cases, broadening the way of business guidance of the court system, standardizing the judges' discretion and enhancing the approval and reasoning.
The second part mainly introduces the form of case guidance system and its problems. The first section briefly describes the form of case guidance system, namely "Regulations on case guidance work > and the < Rules > introduces and analyses are summarized. Then the second part focuses on the provisions of < > analysis the three problems existing in the present case guidance system, respectively in the creation of guiding case, the effectiveness and application effect of three aspects of the existence of the controversial, discussed and applied analysis of difficult issues.
The third part mainly focuses on the ancient Chinese "case" associated with the case guidance system and the western legal precedent system of the study of ancient legal footprint China from a macro point of view, find a history about the "case", seen from the cases in ancient times of statute law, i.e. supplementary law frame. From the west, whether common law or civil law, can see traces of the case, especially in the case law as the legal origin of the common law countries, can find valuable resources on the precedent system, in the case of operation, there are many learning skills in the Anglo American case law, such as difference technology, avoid technology. Therefore, the focus of study and learn from the validity of the case and the use of two aspects of the western system of jurisprudence.
The fourth part is the focus of this thesis, through the study of domestic and foreign, eventually return to the current problem, how to improve the case guidance system, this paper puts forward the suggestions. Focus on the process of guiding case, the effectiveness of positioning and security aspects, applicable conditions and procedures and case guidance system guiding case the supporting mechanism has carried on the detailed elaboration, respectively put forward pertinent suggestions, mainly two aspects of application technology to enhance the effectiveness of guidance cases protection and promotion of the guiding case and puts forward some countermeasures for perfecting the case guidance system. I hope to be able to go further, longer.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D926.2

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