本文關(guān)鍵詞： 法官造法 法律漏洞 法律原則 創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng) 依法治國(guó)　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：法官造法是法官在司法活動(dòng)中,當(dāng)現(xiàn)有的法律規(guī)范出現(xiàn)缺失或者是存在漏洞的情況下,為了解決在司法實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)的具體案件,法官可以依據(jù)法律原則,遵守法律精神,借以法律解釋或者司法判決等形式,創(chuàng)造對(duì)個(gè)案有司法強(qiáng)制力規(guī)則的創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)。在崇尚法治,提倡依法治國(guó)的當(dāng)代,法的核心作用是不言自明的。然而法律并不是完美的,法律的缺陷始終存在。由于人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)的局限性和社會(huì)不斷向前發(fā)展,法律的空白地帶和法官的職責(zé)使命,使得法官造法成為一種必然。古至今中外法學(xué)大家均提出了賦予法官一定限度的造法職能來(lái)彌補(bǔ)法律的缺陷。普通法系國(guó)家的法官造法理論和實(shí)踐都經(jīng)過(guò)了歷史長(zhǎng)期的檢驗(yàn)和發(fā)展已經(jīng)達(dá)到了完善的成熟階段。當(dāng)代大陸法系國(guó)家的法官造法也逐步進(jìn)入到了被接受和認(rèn)可的階段。 我國(guó)的法律淵源主要就是制定法,是成文法國(guó)家。改革開(kāi)放之后,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活發(fā)生了前所未有的轉(zhuǎn)型,立法也歷經(jīng)了高速的發(fā)展。我國(guó)明確提出了建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家的宏偉目標(biāo),隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的建立和發(fā)展我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的立法和司法都面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)。如今我國(guó)法院審判的案件中,有80%以上的案件都是涉及民事和商事案件。這些案件對(duì)法官的素質(zhì)有了更高的要求,以往的裁判方法和司法職能都必須以良性的進(jìn)步發(fā)展才能更好的適應(yīng)當(dāng)下中國(guó)的司法。我國(guó)在集體主義時(shí)代和計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期形成的立法已經(jīng)不能夠很好的適應(yīng)當(dāng)下的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人權(quán)力訴求,法官不斷面臨著情與法的沖突和各種法律效果與社會(huì)效果相背離的現(xiàn)狀,僅僅依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)和機(jī)械化的適用成文法已經(jīng)不能很好的面對(duì)不斷襲來(lái)的訴訟大潮,面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的司法現(xiàn)實(shí),司法的權(quán)威性及公正性面臨著前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。 由此可見(jiàn)法官造法在中國(guó)有著存在和發(fā)展的可能性和必要性。建構(gòu)司法判例制度和司法解釋是我國(guó)法官造法的主要形式。法官應(yīng)該不僅能夠熟練的適用成文法,并且應(yīng)當(dāng)善于發(fā)現(xiàn)成文法背后所暗含的法律的客觀目的。司法的任務(wù)之一就是把發(fā)現(xiàn)法律的客觀目的實(shí)現(xiàn)在判決之中。我國(guó)法官在司法實(shí)踐之中面臨著彌補(bǔ)立法和社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的縫隙,法官需要發(fā)現(xiàn)成文法未能包括及體現(xiàn)的法律的本真,并使之用來(lái)解決糾紛,對(duì)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步發(fā)展起到了積極的重要作用。就如同一枚硬幣有兩面一樣,法官造法也會(huì)有缺陷和問(wèn)題存在,面對(duì)這一現(xiàn)實(shí),我們不應(yīng)盲目的禁止取消而是應(yīng)該逐步的發(fā)展使其完善。這樣,才能最終實(shí)現(xiàn)依法治國(guó),法官興則法制興,法治興則國(guó)家興的目標(biāo)。 本文分為五個(gè)部分,在緒論中闡述了本文的時(shí)代背景和選題意義,并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了概括,提出了擬解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題和本文的研究特色。第二部分提出了法官造法的概念以及法官造法應(yīng)遵循的界限和前提,探討了法官造法的基本價(jià)值。第三部分主要談法官造法應(yīng)遵循的范圍和法官造法的方法。第四部分提出了當(dāng)代中國(guó)法官造法具有的可行性和所面臨的問(wèn)題,并且提出了完善當(dāng)代中國(guó)法官造法的建議。第五部分為結(jié)語(yǔ)。
[Abstract]:The judge is judge made law in judicial activities, when the existing legal norms appear missing or vulnerable situation, in order to solve the specific cases in the judicial practice, the judge can be based on the principles of law, abide by the spirit of the law, as a means of interpretation of law or judicial decision form, creating a judicial force rule on the case creative activity. In upholding the rule of law, promote the rule of law in the contemporary era, the core role of law is self-evident. However, the law is not perfect, the legal defects still exist. Due to the limitations of human understanding and social development, the mission of blank areas of the law and justice, the judge made law become a inevitable. Ancient Chinese and foreign law we are put forward to give a judge limited the function of making law to make up for the defects of the law. Common law judge made law theory and Practice After a long history of inspection and development, it has reached a mature stage. The judge making law in Contemporary Continental law system has gradually entered the stage of acceptance and recognition.
China is the main source of law is law, statute law countries. After the reform and opening up, the hitherto unknown transformation of social and economic life, legislation has experienced rapid development. China has explicitly put forward the grand goal of building a socialist country under the rule of the market economy, with the establishment and development of the legislative and judicial existing in our country facing the new challenge system. Now China's court trial of the case, there are more than 80% of the cases involved in civil and commercial cases. These cases have higher requirements on the quality of judges, the judicial method and judicial functions must be benign development in order to better adapt to the current Chinese China's judicial. In the formation of collectivism and the period of planned economy legislation has not been able to adapt to the current market economy and the realization of personal power demands a good judge, continue to face Present situation and the law of conflict and a variety of legal effect and social effect deviate, relying solely on the applicable statute law experience and mechanization has not been a good in the face of repeated litigation tide, facing the grim reality of judicial, authority and impartiality of the judiciary is facing unprecedented challenges.
The judge made law has the possibility and necessity of the existence and development of the Chinese. Construction of judicial precedent and judicial interpretation is the main form of our country's judge made law. Judges should apply not only to law skilled, and should be good at finding the objective purpose behind the statute law. One of the implications of the judicial task is to find the aim of the law in the judgment. Our judges in the judicial practice faces make up the gap between the legislation and the social reality, the judges found the statute law and the fail to include it, and make it to resolve the disputes, to social progress and development plays a positive role. Just as a coin has two sides, the judge made law will have defects and problems, in the face of this reality, we should not blindly prohibited but should gradually. In this way, we can finally realize the rule of law, the judge and the rule of law, the rule of law and the goal of the state.
This paper is divided into five parts, in the introduction of this paper described the background and significance of the topic, and the research status at home and abroad are summarized, put forward the research characteristic and the key problems to be solved in this paper. The second part puts forward the limits and the premise of judge made law concept as well as the judge made law should follow the discussion the basic value of judge made law. The third part mainly talks about the scope and judge the judge made law should follow the law of creation. The fourth part puts forward the feasibility of contemporary China judge made law and has problems, and put forward improving contemporary China judge made law suggestions. The fifth part is the conclusion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D926;D920.0

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本文編號(hào)：1460061