本文關(guān)鍵詞： 社區(qū)矯正 教育刑 報應(yīng)刑 思想矯正 行為管理　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：社區(qū)矯正(community correction,community-based correction),也稱社會矯治或者社會處遇。它隨著西方社會行刑社會化、個別化思潮的興起,刑法謙抑主義、人道主義等理念深入人心,非犯罪化、非刑罰法、非監(jiān)禁化從理論逐步變成現(xiàn)實,社區(qū)矯正正是在這個背景下逐步發(fā)展起來的。20世紀(jì)60年代,社區(qū)矯正制度在西方逐步興盛起來。而在我國,過去一直沒有“社區(qū)矯正”這個概念,但是中國古代的刑罰制度中,包含社區(qū)矯正的內(nèi)容。建國以來,由于我國長期以來的重刑主義觀念,社區(qū)矯正發(fā)展緩慢。直到20世紀(jì)末,隨著監(jiān)禁刑的弊端不斷暴露,監(jiān)獄中罪犯“交叉感染”嚴(yán)重,我國也開始了監(jiān)獄行刑社會化的嘗試,現(xiàn)代意義上的社區(qū)矯正工作也進(jìn)入試點與探索階段。 由于傳統(tǒng)文化、法律制度、社會環(huán)境等方面的不同,世界各國的社區(qū)矯正制度在法律規(guī)定與具體操作方面各不相同。比如,社區(qū)矯正的概念和制度在國外呈未確定、半開放狀態(tài),而我國雖然給出了“官方”的定義,但是在理論與實踐的過程中也存在較大的爭議。特別是關(guān)于社區(qū)矯正的目的方面,各國具體規(guī)定與側(cè)重點也各不一樣,世界范圍內(nèi)主要有三類觀點：第一類觀點是“思想矯正論”,認(rèn)為矯正的目的是矯正犯罪人的思想等主觀方面,使其徹底悔過自新,重新成為守法公民。具體表述有：矯正的目的在于改造犯罪人的犯罪思想、犯罪心理、道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、犯罪的主觀構(gòu)成等。第二類觀點是“行為管理論”,認(rèn)為矯正的目的是管理犯罪人的社會行為,使罪犯經(jīng)過社區(qū)的管理在罪犯與社區(qū)之間建立一種穩(wěn)固的聯(lián)系,重新回歸到社會生活中去。第三類觀點認(rèn)為矯正的目的在于矯正犯罪人的主觀思想和犯罪人的行為相結(jié)合,從而實現(xiàn)罪犯的再社會化。本文在寫作中嘗試運用刑事一體化的分析思路,利用刑法學(xué)、犯罪學(xué)、監(jiān)獄學(xué)、刑事政策學(xué)等學(xué)科的交流與融會,致力于對社區(qū)矯正制度目的的研究,同時利用比較研究的方法、價值分析的方法,對社區(qū)矯正目的的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行深入的研究與分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對我國社區(qū)矯正目的的完善提出合理化建議。 本文共分四章,每章的主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章,“社區(qū)矯正概述”,比較系統(tǒng)地梳理了關(guān)于社區(qū)矯正的相關(guān)問題,包括社區(qū)矯正的概念、特點,社區(qū)矯正產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)根源、社會根源以及思想根源,社區(qū)矯正的價值,以及本文在寫作過程中對社區(qū)矯正概念及其性質(zhì)的研究定位。第二章,“以往的社區(qū)矯正目的理論”,闡述了以往社區(qū)矯正理論的三大主要觀點,“思想矯正目的論”、“行為管理目的論”“二元目的論”對三大觀點的具體主張及理論基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行簡要評價。第三章,“社區(qū)矯正的目的之重構(gòu)”,將“行為管理目的論”定性為社區(qū)矯正的現(xiàn)實目的,并從“行為之養(yǎng)成、再犯之預(yù)防、可操作性之評估”等方面進(jìn)行可行性分析；將“思想矯正目的論”定性為社區(qū)矯正的理想化目的,從其出發(fā)點的考量、現(xiàn)實性的評價等方面進(jìn)行分析,具體包括“落實的手段、刑罰的功能、實踐的效果及其可操行性等方面進(jìn)行綜合考察；最后,討論二元目的論的結(jié)合關(guān)系。第四章,“我國社區(qū)矯正的目的定位”,首先簡單回顧了我國社區(qū)矯正的發(fā)展歷程,然后針對我國目前社區(qū)矯正目的在立法上的定位進(jìn)行評價,最后對我國社區(qū)矯正目的的完善提出了合理化的建議,具體包括完善社區(qū)矯正立法、建立分類管理制度、注重社區(qū)自身建設(shè)、設(shè)立解除監(jiān)禁的客觀化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及成立第三方監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)等措施。
[Abstract]:Community correction (community correction, community-based correction), also known as social correction or social place. It is with the western social socialization, the rise of the individual thought, the modesty of the criminal law, the concept of popular humanitarian, non criminal, non penalty, non imprisonment from theory gradually become a reality, the community correction is gradually developed in the context of the.20 century in 60s, the community correction system in the west gradually flourished. But in China, there has been no "community correction" of the concept, but Chinese ancient penal system, including the content of community corrections. Since the founding of new China, because China's long-term heavy penalty doctrine, community correction slow development. Until the end of twentieth Century, along with exposing malpractice of imprisonment, the Prison Criminals "cross infection", our country has also started the socialization of prison execution In the modern sense, the community correction work has also entered the stage of pilot and exploration.
Because of the traditional culture, legal system, social environment and other aspects of the different countries in the world, the community correction system in the legal provisions and the specific operation vary. For example, the concept and system of community correction in foreign countries is not determined, half open, although China is the "official" definition, but also exist the controversy in theory and practice. Especially on the community correction purposes, country specific regulations and emphases are different in the world, there are mainly three kinds of Views: the first view is "thought correction theory", that is the purpose of correction thought of the subjective aspects of the offender, the it completely to become law-abiding citizens. Repent and start anew, the specific expression of the purpose of the correction is to reform the criminal thoughts, criminal psychology, moral standard, subjective criminal constitution. The second view is "Behavior management theory", that is the purpose of correction of social behavior management of criminals, the criminals through community management between criminals and community to establish a solid relationship, return to social life. The third view is that the purpose of correction is to correct subjective thought and behavior of crime people. Combined, so as to realize the re socialization of criminals. This paper attempts to use the analytical methods of criminal integration, the use of criminal law, criminology, penology, exchange and integration of criminal policy science, devoted to the research purpose of the community correction system, and using the method of comparative study, the method of value analysis of deep study and Analysis on the related theories of community correction purposes, and on this basis put forward reasonable suggestions for perfecting the purpose of community correction.
This article is divided into four chapters. The main contents of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter, "overview of community correction", systematically analyzes relevant problems about the characteristics of community correction, including the concept of community correction, community correction, economic causes, social causes and ideological roots, the value of community correction, and in the writing of localization of community correction concept and nature. In the process of the second chapter, "the purpose of community correction theory, expounded the theory of community correction before the three main views," thought correction teleology "," behavior management teleology "," two yuan teleology "on the three view of concrete proposals and theoretical basis of brief evaluation. Chapter third," Reconstruction "of the community the purpose of correction, the" behavior management teleology "objective reality as community correction, and from the form of" behavior, recidivism prevention, operability evaluation and other aspects of the feasibility analysis Will; "thought correction teleology" for the purpose of qualitative ideal of community correction, from the starting point of consideration, practical evaluation and other aspects of analysis, including the "implementation method, penalty function, practical effect and can conduct such comprehensive investigation; finally, discusses the relationship between two yuan the purpose of the fourth chapter," the purpose of "community correction in China, reviews the development process of China's community correction, and then for the present purpose of community correction in the localization of legislation evaluation, finally gave some suggestions about the perfection of community correction purposes, including improving community correction legislation, the establishment of classified management system, focus on community construction, objective standard set up custody and establish the third party supervision mechanism and other measures.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D926.8

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