【摘要】： 圣約與其說是一個(gè)神學(xué)概念,不如說是一個(gè)政治哲學(xué)上的概念。它以一種獨(dú)特的方式進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代并逐步完善,政治的因素逐漸地掩蓋了宗教的含義,最后以憲政的形式體現(xiàn)出來。圣約觀源于希伯來圣經(jīng),是基督教中一種極其獨(dú)特而又影響深遠(yuǎn)的宗教觀念和思想。圣經(jīng)中的“四重約”勾勒出從圣約到契約的世俗化過程。作為一種經(jīng)典的傳統(tǒng)思想,基督教圣約觀在經(jīng)歷現(xiàn)代思想洗滌后并沒有消失,而是以一種獨(dú)特的方式融入現(xiàn)代,介入政治生活,表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的生命力。圣約觀與聯(lián)邦主義憲政邏輯相容。個(gè)體平等、權(quán)利神圣、有限政府等憲政觀念恰恰為基督教圣約觀所涵括,從而賦予了這三個(gè)核心要素以神圣背景和道德基礎(chǔ)。因此,基督教圣約觀是聯(lián)邦主義憲政的精神支柱和價(jià)值源泉之一。 基督教圣約觀塑造了美國的憲政文明,指引著美國政治制度的構(gòu)建。這種信仰層面的圣約觀由清教徒們?cè)趦纱说臅r(shí)間內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際運(yùn)行的聯(lián)邦主義憲政制度,為美國奇跡的誕生奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的觀念和制度根基。美國聯(lián)邦主義憲政的發(fā)展是一個(gè)從圣約到憲約的過程。圣約先于憲法,憲法先于憲政。憲法中隱含著作為高級(jí)法的圣約思想,憲法一旦失去(神)圣約(法)的高級(jí)法背景,就缺失了神圣性。圣約思想為聯(lián)邦主義憲政秩序的構(gòu)建提供了具體的制度范式和抽象的觀念支撐,不斷推動(dòng)憲政制度走向完善。
[Abstract]:The covenant is not so much a theological concept as a political philosophy. It entered the modern and gradually improved in a unique way, and the political factors gradually covered up the meaning of religion, and finally reflected it in the form of constitutional government. The view of covenant originates from the Hebrews Bible and is an extremely unique and far-reaching religious concept and thought in Christianity. The quadruple covenant in the Bible outlines the secularization process from the covenant to the contract. As a classical traditional thought, the Christian covenant view did not disappear after the washing of modern thought, but integrated into modern times in a unique way, intervened in political life and showed strong vitality. The view of covenant is compatible with the constitutional logic of federalism. The constitutional concepts of individual equality, sanctity of rights and limited government are precisely included in the Christian covenant view, thus giving these three core elements a sacred background and a moral foundation. Therefore, the Christian covenant view is one of the spiritual pillars and value sources of federalism. The Christian covenant view shapes the constitutional civilization of the United States and guides the construction of the American political system. This view of covenant at the level of belief was transformed from Puritans into a federalist constitutional system in two generations, which laid a solid conceptual and institutional foundation for the birth of the American miracle. The development of federalism in the United States is a process from Covenant to Constitutionalism. The covenant precedes the constitution and the constitution precedes the constitution. The constitution implies the covenant thought as the higher law. Once the constitution loses the higher legal background of the covenant (law), it lacks the sanctity. The thought of covenant provides a concrete institutional paradigm and abstract concept support for the construction of federalist constitutional order, and constantly promotes the perfection of constitutional system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD911

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