明治憲法體制下的天皇制再探討
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-25 15:43
【摘要】： 天皇制是日本政治制度的核心之一,也是日本人文化優(yōu)越感在政治上的主要思想根源。日本天皇制是世界政治史上獨(dú)一無二的,其對日本社會的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出我們的想象。天皇制以其歷史發(fā)展階段劃分為古代天皇制、明治憲法體制下的近代天皇制以及戰(zhàn)后象征天皇制。明治憲法體制下的天皇制確立于1889年《大日本帝國憲法》的頒布,天皇權(quán)力從無到有的變化,對日本近代社會的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重大影響。近代天皇制作為日本政治傳統(tǒng)的特殊載體,是日本政治文化實力的組成部分,對其進(jìn)行深入的認(rèn)識和研究有助于我們更加明確地了解日本政治,有利于正確處理我國與日本之間存在的歷史遺留問題。國內(nèi)學(xué)者對日本明治憲法體制下的天皇制進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)全面的研究較少,大多是對日本天皇進(jìn)行歷史性研究,多數(shù)持批判的態(tài)度,研究方法比較單一,沒有立足于客觀歷史事實,系統(tǒng)分析近代天皇制的特性。本文從歷史的角度出發(fā),運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)的文獻(xiàn)分析方法和馬克思唯物辯證的方法,對明治憲法體制下的天皇制進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、全面、客觀地分析,并對天皇制進(jìn)行比較研究,突出明治天皇制的獨(dú)特之處。 本文除引言和結(jié)語外的正文主要分為四個部分來論述明治憲法體制下的天皇制。 第一部分天皇與天皇制的概念探析。主要考證天皇稱謂的由來以及在日本歷史上正式使用天皇稱謂的具體時間,同時論述天皇制作為一種政治制度在日本的形成時間。天皇稱謂并不是產(chǎn)生于日本本土,而是由中國傳入。日本在正式使用天皇作為其君主的稱謂前,經(jīng)歷了“王——大王——天皇”的變化過程,最終于公元608年的推古朝時期確定將君主稱呼為天皇。而天皇制的形成與日本傳統(tǒng)神道思想的發(fā)展密切相關(guān),神道經(jīng)過神社神道、皇室神道的發(fā)展,最終在明治時期以法律形式確立為國家神道,作為明治近代天皇制的思想支柱。 第二部分明治憲法體制的形成。主要論述明治天皇制政權(quán)建立以前幕藩體制時期的社會狀況,在幕府統(tǒng)治下,社會體制混亂,農(nóng)民被各藩主嚴(yán)重剝削,生活困難,從造成起義不斷。幕藩政治的鎖國政策嚴(yán)重阻礙了資本主義的發(fā)展,在西方列強(qiáng)的威逼下,幕府開放沿海港口,原已風(fēng)雨飄搖的幕藩政權(quán)由此崩潰。明治維新后建立的新政權(quán),著手建立以天皇為核心的政治制度,采取一系列的措施進(jìn)行改革。如實行奉還版籍,廢藩置縣、改革封建身份制度、鞏固皇室財產(chǎn),樹立天皇權(quán)威,并于1889年制定《大日本帝國憲法》最終確立了明治近代天皇制。 第三部分明治憲法體制下天皇的二元特性。主要論述在明治憲法體制下天皇由無限的權(quán)威和有限的權(quán)力兩部分構(gòu)成,在無限的權(quán)威部分,日本傳統(tǒng)的民族認(rèn)同理念決定了日本天皇作為日本民族的精神而存在,’并由天皇萬世一系的統(tǒng)治；在有限的權(quán)力部分,雖然在明治憲法中規(guī)定了天皇的各種權(quán)力,但在憲法條文之外的權(quán)力實際運(yùn)作過程中,設(shè)置障礙將天皇與政治權(quán)力隔離,由幕后勢力集團(tuán)操縱天皇行使國家權(quán)力。 第四部分明治天皇制與中國皇帝制、英國立憲君主制的比較。與中國封建皇帝制比較,其傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威與政治權(quán)力相對分離,中國封建皇帝的政治權(quán)力是無限的,但權(quán)威是有限的、相對的,而明治天皇正好與之相反；與英國立憲君主制比較,雖然具有一定的立憲性,但是不徹底的,沒有實現(xiàn)完全的三權(quán)分立,英國的君主制是議會至上,君主統(tǒng)而不治,而明治天皇制是天皇至上,各權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)輔助之。
[Abstract]:The imperial system is one of the core of the Japanese political system, and it is the main source of the political thought of the superiority of the Japanese culture. The Japanese imperial system is unique in the world's political history, and its influence on the Japanese society is far beyond our imagination. The imperial system is divided into the ancient imperial system with its historical development stage, the modern emperor system under the constitution system and the post-war symbol of the emperor system. The imperial system under the constitutional system of the Republic of Japan was established in 1889. The promulgation of the Constitution of the Great Japanese Empire and the change of the emperor's power from the moment to time have a great impact on the development of the modern society in Japan. As a special carrier of Japanese political and cultural strength, the modern emperor system is an integral part of Japanese political and cultural strength. The systematic and comprehensive study of the emperor system under the Japanese constitutional system is less, most of which are the historical study of the Japanese emperor, the most critical attitude, the research method is relatively single, not based on the objective historical facts, and the system analysis the characteristics of the modern emperor system. This paper, from the angle of history, uses the literature analysis method of history and the method of Marx's materialist dialectics to carry on the systematic, comprehensive and objective analysis of the imperial system under the constitutional system of the Republic of China, and makes a comparative study on the imperial system, and highlights the unique place of the emperor. In addition to the introduction and the text, the text is divided into four parts to discuss the constitutional system of the Republic of China The first part of the emperor and the day The concept of imperial system is an analysis of the concept of the emperor, and the specific time of the official use of the title of the emperor in the history of Japan, and the system of the emperor as a kind of political system. Japan's formation time. The emperor's title is not on the Japanese. Instead, it was passed in by China. Japan, before the official use of the emperor as the title of its monarchs, has undergone a "King _ King _ Emperor of the Emperor" of change, and finally, in the period of the ancient dynasty of 608, it was determined that it would The emperor's name is the emperor. The formation of the emperor is closely related to the development of the Japanese traditional channel of God. The thought pillar of the imperial system. Part of the formation of the constitutional system of the state, mainly discusses the social situation in the period of the establishment of the regime of the emperor, under the rule of the government, the social system is in disorder, and the peasants are seriously exploited and born by the various members of the state. The difficulty of living, from the rise of the intifada, the policy of the state-of-the-art policy of the lock of the country seriously hinders the development of capitalism, under the influence of the western powers, the curtain is open along the sea port, and the wind and rain The new regime established after the founding of the Republic of China, and the establishment of a political system based on the emperor. The reform of a series of measures, such as the introduction of the Chinese version, the abolition of the county, the reform of the feudal system of identity, the consolidation of the royal property, the establishment of the authority of the emperor, and the enactment of the Constitution of the Great Japan in 1889 In the end, the imperial system of the modern day was established. The third part The dualistic character of the emperor under the constitution system is divided into two parts: the emperor is composed of the unlimited authority and the limited power under the constitution of the Japanese constitution, and in the infinite authority part, the Japanese traditional national identity has decided the Japanese emperor as the Japanese national spirit. "and is governed by the Emperor Wanshi; in a limited part of power, although the powers of the emperor have been set out in the Constitution, the power of power outside the provisions of the Constitution actually works." The barrier is to isolate the emperor from the political power, from the curtain. A comparison between the emperor system of the fourth part and the Chinese emperor and the British constitutional monarchy. Compared with the feudal emperor of China, the traditional authority and political power of China For the separation, the political power of the feudal emperor of China is unlimited, but the authority is limited and relative, and the Emperor of the Ming and the Qing is in the opposite direction; and compared with the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, though it has certain constitutional character, it is not complete, and the complete three-power division is not realized. The monarchy in the United Kingdom is the top of the parliament, and the monarchs are not to be treated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D931.3;DD911
本文編號：2447104
[Abstract]:The imperial system is one of the core of the Japanese political system, and it is the main source of the political thought of the superiority of the Japanese culture. The Japanese imperial system is unique in the world's political history, and its influence on the Japanese society is far beyond our imagination. The imperial system is divided into the ancient imperial system with its historical development stage, the modern emperor system under the constitution system and the post-war symbol of the emperor system. The imperial system under the constitutional system of the Republic of Japan was established in 1889. The promulgation of the Constitution of the Great Japanese Empire and the change of the emperor's power from the moment to time have a great impact on the development of the modern society in Japan. As a special carrier of Japanese political and cultural strength, the modern emperor system is an integral part of Japanese political and cultural strength. The systematic and comprehensive study of the emperor system under the Japanese constitutional system is less, most of which are the historical study of the Japanese emperor, the most critical attitude, the research method is relatively single, not based on the objective historical facts, and the system analysis the characteristics of the modern emperor system. This paper, from the angle of history, uses the literature analysis method of history and the method of Marx's materialist dialectics to carry on the systematic, comprehensive and objective analysis of the imperial system under the constitutional system of the Republic of China, and makes a comparative study on the imperial system, and highlights the unique place of the emperor. In addition to the introduction and the text, the text is divided into four parts to discuss the constitutional system of the Republic of China The first part of the emperor and the day The concept of imperial system is an analysis of the concept of the emperor, and the specific time of the official use of the title of the emperor in the history of Japan, and the system of the emperor as a kind of political system. Japan's formation time. The emperor's title is not on the Japanese. Instead, it was passed in by China. Japan, before the official use of the emperor as the title of its monarchs, has undergone a "King _ King _ Emperor of the Emperor" of change, and finally, in the period of the ancient dynasty of 608, it was determined that it would The emperor's name is the emperor. The formation of the emperor is closely related to the development of the Japanese traditional channel of God. The thought pillar of the imperial system. Part of the formation of the constitutional system of the state, mainly discusses the social situation in the period of the establishment of the regime of the emperor, under the rule of the government, the social system is in disorder, and the peasants are seriously exploited and born by the various members of the state. The difficulty of living, from the rise of the intifada, the policy of the state-of-the-art policy of the lock of the country seriously hinders the development of capitalism, under the influence of the western powers, the curtain is open along the sea port, and the wind and rain The new regime established after the founding of the Republic of China, and the establishment of a political system based on the emperor. The reform of a series of measures, such as the introduction of the Chinese version, the abolition of the county, the reform of the feudal system of identity, the consolidation of the royal property, the establishment of the authority of the emperor, and the enactment of the Constitution of the Great Japan in 1889 In the end, the imperial system of the modern day was established. The third part The dualistic character of the emperor under the constitution system is divided into two parts: the emperor is composed of the unlimited authority and the limited power under the constitution of the Japanese constitution, and in the infinite authority part, the Japanese traditional national identity has decided the Japanese emperor as the Japanese national spirit. "and is governed by the Emperor Wanshi; in a limited part of power, although the powers of the emperor have been set out in the Constitution, the power of power outside the provisions of the Constitution actually works." The barrier is to isolate the emperor from the political power, from the curtain. A comparison between the emperor system of the fourth part and the Chinese emperor and the British constitutional monarchy. Compared with the feudal emperor of China, the traditional authority and political power of China For the separation, the political power of the feudal emperor of China is unlimited, but the authority is limited and relative, and the Emperor of the Ming and the Qing is in the opposite direction; and compared with the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, though it has certain constitutional character, it is not complete, and the complete three-power division is not realized. The monarchy in the United Kingdom is the top of the parliament, and the monarchs are not to be treated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D931.3;DD911
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 孫月娥;試論日本明治憲法的產(chǎn)生及其特點(diǎn)[J];廣西師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1985年03期
2 孫光禮;淺析日本天皇制與中國皇帝制[J];湖北大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1994年02期
3 蔣立峰;日本近代天皇制的政治三元素[J];世界歷史;1987年01期
4 姚敬恒;立憲君主制還是君主立憲制[J];世界歷史;1990年02期
5 閻照祥;中英君主制的幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別[J];河南大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);1999年01期
6 渠長根;近代天皇制:日本發(fā)動對外戰(zhàn)爭的罪魁[J];南都學(xué)壇;2002年03期
7 李德志;論英國立憲君主制政體[J];龍江社會科學(xué);1994年01期
8 姜成玉;;日本天皇制發(fā)展的歷史軌跡[J];牡丹江師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2003年06期
9 孫曉萍;從《明治憲法》到《日本國憲法》[J];南昌大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);1990年01期
10 羅時光;;從日本神國思想看天皇制的軍國主義之本質(zhì)[J];南昌大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2006年01期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 解曉東;日本天皇制研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號：2447104
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/fashilw/2447104.html
