思想史視野下的漢晉之際肉刑存廢之爭議
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-24 21:36
【摘要】：從古至今,對于“肉刑”的定義眾說紛紜。廣義的肉刑包括切割肢體、割裂肌膚和捶擊身體的刑罰,以及替代刑等與其相關(guān)的所有刑罰;狹義的“肉刑”包括四種:黥、劓、刖、宮。 肉刑之始究竟源于何時,現(xiàn)在雖已無可考,但考察現(xiàn)存史料,可追溯到黃帝時代。秦及漢初,沿用周制。秦時,嚴(yán)刑峻罰,且刑罰分類愈加詳細(xì),肉刑種類繁多。漢承秦制,肉刑與秦時同。 漢末到魏晉,政局的變化引起刑罰制度的改變,其中肉刑的存廢問題經(jīng)過了大大小小多次討論,特別是從漢末到魏晉這段時間的爭論,時間跨度之大、參與人數(shù)之多、波及范圍之廣、影響之深遠(yuǎn),實屬空前。在長達(dá)近四個世紀(jì)的時段中,對于肉刑存廢問題有過大大小小多達(dá)九次的討論。討論雙方互陳利弊,各持一端:或相同論據(jù)不同論點,或不同論據(jù)相同論點……廢除肉刑的主張逐漸占據(jù)上風(fēng),但最后結(jié)果都是不了了之。各朝討論的結(jié)果也未真正的落實于司法實踐之中,只停留在思想的層面。因此,漢晉之際對于肉刑的存廢討論,既是中國古代政治史、法律史上的一個不容忽視的問題,同時亦是思想史上值得重視和研究的內(nèi)容。 漢晉之際關(guān)于肉刑存廢的討論,反映出所發(fā)議論者的思想觀念和價值取向。具體而言,反映出儒家“法先王”取向;“霸王道雜之”的執(zhí)法主張:德教為先的儒家思想和德主刑輔的運思路徑等。同時,肉刑存廢之議也反映出在那個年代中人們對于生與死這組矛盾的思考,折射出時人的生命觀、價值觀。因此通過對“肉刑”的微觀考察,可以以小見大、以點帶面,進而有助于把握漢晉之際思想史發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),并掘發(fā)其中深義。
[Abstract]:From ancient times until now, the definition of "corporal punishment" varies. In the broad sense, corporal punishment includes the punishment of cutting limbs, severing skin and beating the body, as well as all penalties associated with it, such as alternative punishment, while the narrow term of "corporal punishment" includes four kinds: tattoos, shanks, palaces and so on. Although it is no longer possible to examine the origin of corporal punishment, the present historical data can be traced back to the Yellow Emperor. Qin and the early Han Dynasty, followed the Zhou system. Qin Dynasty, severe punishment, and more detailed classification of penalties, various types of corporal punishment. The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and the corporal punishment was the same as that of the Qin Dynasty. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the change of the political situation caused the change of the penalty system, in which the question of the existence and abolition of the corporal punishment was discussed many times, especially during the period from the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the time span was large and the number of participants was large. The scope of the spread, the far-reaching impact, is unprecedented. In the last four centuries, there have been as many as nine discussions on the question of the existence or abolition of corporal punishment. Discuss the pros and cons of each side: the same argument, or the same argument. The idea of abolishing corporal punishment gradually gained the upper hand, but it all ended up in vain. The outcome of the discussions was not really carried out in judicial practice, but only on the ideological level. Therefore, the discussion on the existence and abolishment of corporal punishment in the Han and Jin dynasties is not only an important issue in the history of politics and law in ancient China, but also a content worthy of attention and study in the history of thought. The discussion on the abolition of corporal punishment in the Han and Jin dynasties reflects the thought and value orientation of the commentators. Specifically, it reflects the Confucian orientation of "the forerunner of law", the idea of "overbearing the rule of justice", the Confucian thought that morality and education is the first, and the way of thinking that virtue-oriented punishment is supplemented by punishment, and so on. At the same time, the discussion on the existence and abolishment of corporal punishment also reflects people's thinking about the contradiction between life and death in that era, and reflects the view of life and values of people at that time. Therefore, through the micro-examination of the "flesh punishment", we can see the whole through a small part, so as to help grasp the development of the ideological history of Han and Jin dynasties, and dig out the deep meaning of it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D929;D924
本文編號：2446703
[Abstract]:From ancient times until now, the definition of "corporal punishment" varies. In the broad sense, corporal punishment includes the punishment of cutting limbs, severing skin and beating the body, as well as all penalties associated with it, such as alternative punishment, while the narrow term of "corporal punishment" includes four kinds: tattoos, shanks, palaces and so on. Although it is no longer possible to examine the origin of corporal punishment, the present historical data can be traced back to the Yellow Emperor. Qin and the early Han Dynasty, followed the Zhou system. Qin Dynasty, severe punishment, and more detailed classification of penalties, various types of corporal punishment. The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and the corporal punishment was the same as that of the Qin Dynasty. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the change of the political situation caused the change of the penalty system, in which the question of the existence and abolition of the corporal punishment was discussed many times, especially during the period from the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the time span was large and the number of participants was large. The scope of the spread, the far-reaching impact, is unprecedented. In the last four centuries, there have been as many as nine discussions on the question of the existence or abolition of corporal punishment. Discuss the pros and cons of each side: the same argument, or the same argument. The idea of abolishing corporal punishment gradually gained the upper hand, but it all ended up in vain. The outcome of the discussions was not really carried out in judicial practice, but only on the ideological level. Therefore, the discussion on the existence and abolishment of corporal punishment in the Han and Jin dynasties is not only an important issue in the history of politics and law in ancient China, but also a content worthy of attention and study in the history of thought. The discussion on the abolition of corporal punishment in the Han and Jin dynasties reflects the thought and value orientation of the commentators. Specifically, it reflects the Confucian orientation of "the forerunner of law", the idea of "overbearing the rule of justice", the Confucian thought that morality and education is the first, and the way of thinking that virtue-oriented punishment is supplemented by punishment, and so on. At the same time, the discussion on the existence and abolishment of corporal punishment also reflects people's thinking about the contradiction between life and death in that era, and reflects the view of life and values of people at that time. Therefore, through the micro-examination of the "flesh punishment", we can see the whole through a small part, so as to help grasp the development of the ideological history of Han and Jin dynasties, and dig out the deep meaning of it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D929;D924
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