【摘要】： 不管是在英美法系還是大陸法系,第三人訴訟制度都是民事訴訟中的重要制度。由于兩大法系在歷史傳統(tǒng)、邏輯理念等方面的差異,關(guān)于第三人訴訟制度方面的設(shè)置和操作也有不少差別。美國(guó)是英美法系國(guó)家的代表,其第三人訴訟制度起源于普通法的實(shí)踐,又在衡平法的理念中演變�，F(xiàn)行的美國(guó)第三人訴訟制度包含引入第三人訴訟規(guī)則和第三人介入訴訟規(guī)則。兩個(gè)規(guī)則設(shè)立的主要目的在于使源出于同一交易或事件的多個(gè)請(qǐng)求或糾紛能夠在一個(gè)訴訟程序當(dāng)中得到集中的解決。該制度在司法實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。美國(guó)第三人訴訟制度設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)特,可操作性強(qiáng),通過(guò)對(duì)該制度的借鑒來(lái)重塑中國(guó)的第三人訴訟制度,可以在一定程度上避免中國(guó)現(xiàn)行第三人制度的弊端。因此,該制度對(duì)于中國(guó)法院處理第三人訴訟案件具有非常重要的功能和價(jià)值。 本文除引言與結(jié)語(yǔ)外,共分六章。 第一章是關(guān)于美國(guó)第三人訴訟制度的概述,是全文深入研究美國(guó)第三人訴訟制度的基礎(chǔ)。本章首先考察了美國(guó)第三人訴訟制度的構(gòu)成,簡(jiǎn)要介紹引入第三人訴訟規(guī)則和第三人介入訴訟規(guī)則,然后從普通法的實(shí)踐中考察美國(guó)第三人制度的起源,從衡平法的發(fā)展中探索美國(guó)第三人制度的演變,最后論述美國(guó)第三人訴訟制度的的三個(gè)最主要的價(jià)值取向。 第二章是關(guān)于引入第三人規(guī)則的具體深入研究。從考察引入第三人訴訟的定義和歷史沿革出發(fā),研究該規(guī)則的具體情形和適用條件。同時(shí)涉及到了法官自由裁量權(quán),管轄權(quán)的考察。 第三章是關(guān)于第三人介入訴訟的具體深入研究。從與引入第三人規(guī)則相比較的角度,分析第三人介入訴訟規(guī)則的特點(diǎn),并通過(guò)該規(guī)則在具體案件中的運(yùn)用闡述介入訴訟的類型和適用條件。 第四章簡(jiǎn)要分析了反訴和交叉訴訟在第三人制度的運(yùn)用。反訴和交叉訴訟是美國(guó)訴訟制度當(dāng)中及其富有操作性的技術(shù)規(guī)則。兩個(gè)規(guī)則在第三人制度中的運(yùn)用為第三人制度功能的進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮起到了輔助作用。 第五章是從比較法的角度分析和借鑒美國(guó)的第三人訴訟制度。美國(guó)第三人訴訟制度與大陸法系國(guó)家的第三人訴訟制度比較起來(lái)有其自身的特點(diǎn)和價(jià)值,前者更為注重糾紛解決的一次性和徹底性。目前,中國(guó)第三人訴訟制度存在諸多問(wèn)題,已經(jīng)成為民事訴訟制度改革的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)。借鑒美國(guó)的第三人制度可以為中國(guó)第三人制度的改革和重塑提供一條明確而可行的思路。
[Abstract]:The third party litigation system is an important system in civil litigation, whether in common law system or civil law system. Due to the differences between the two legal systems in historical tradition, logic concept and so on, there are many differences in the setting and operation of the third party litigation system. The United States is a representative of Anglo-American legal system. Its third party litigation system originates from the practice of common law and evolves in the idea of equity. The current third-party litigation system in the United States includes the introduction of third-party litigation rules and third-party intervention rules. The main purpose of the establishment of the two rules is to enable multiple requests or disputes arising from the same transaction or event to be resolved centrally in a single proceeding. The system plays an important role in judicial practice. The third party litigation system in the United States has unique design and strong maneuverability. To some extent, it can avoid the malpractice of the current third party system in China by using the system for reference to reshape the third party litigation system in China. Therefore, this system has the very important function and the value for the Chinese court to deal with the third party lawsuit case. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the third party litigation system in the United States, which is the basis of a thorough study of the third party litigation system in the United States. This chapter first examines the constitution of the third party litigation system in the United States, briefly introduces the third party litigation rules and the third party intervention rules, and then examines the origin of the third party system in the United States from the common law practice. This paper explores the evolution of the third party system in the United States from the development of equity, and finally discusses the three main value orientations of the third party litigation system in the United States. The second chapter is about the introduction of the third party rule specific in-depth study. From the perspective of the definition and historical evolution of the introduction of the third party action, this paper studies the concrete situation and applicable conditions of the rule. At the same time, it involves the investigation of the judge's discretion and jurisdiction. The third chapter is about the third party involved in the specific in-depth study of litigation. From the point of view of comparing with the introduction of the third party rule, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the third party's intervention rules, and expounds the types and applicable conditions of the intervention action through the application of the rules in specific cases. Chapter four briefly analyzes the application of counterclaim and cross-action in the third party system. Counterclaim and cross-action are the technical rules in American litigation system. The application of the two rules in the third-party system plays an auxiliary role in further exerting the function of the third-party system. The fifth chapter analyzes and draws lessons from the third party litigation system of the United States from the angle of comparative law. The third party litigation system in the United States has its own characteristics and value compared with the third party litigation system in civil law countries. The former pays more attention to the one-off and thoroughness of dispute resolution. At present, there are many problems in the third party litigation system in China, which has become a difficult and important point in the reform of civil litigation system. Drawing lessons from the third party system of the United States can provide a clear and feasible way to reform and reshape the third party system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD915.2

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