【摘要】：19世紀(jì)的美國(guó),刑事犯罪率居高不下,刑事案件出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重積壓。于是,一些大城市的檢察官為了及時(shí)、有效地處理積壓案件,開(kāi)始嘗試在司法實(shí)踐中采用辯訴交易的做法,即以被告人做出有罪答辯為前提,該案的檢察官承諾將減輕指控的罪名、或者減少指控的罪數(shù)、或者向法官提出更加有利于被告人的判決建議。由于辯訴交易能夠有效降低檢察官的舉證壓力,節(jié)約司法成本,并提高刑事司法效率,因此在美國(guó)的絕大部分州得以適用。而且,辯訴交易這一司法制度還沖破了法律背景、文化傳統(tǒng)的種種差異,在世界上很多國(guó)家得到了廣泛的運(yùn)用和發(fā)展。 辯訴交易制度在批評(píng)中成長(zhǎng),在質(zhì)疑中壯大,表現(xiàn)出頑強(qiáng)的生命力,并且對(duì)世界許多國(guó)家的刑事訴訟制度有著極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響,的確是一個(gè)發(fā)人深思的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)前,探討和分析辯訴交易制度,成為我國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn),能不能引入以及如何引入這項(xiàng)制度成為了關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。而只有對(duì)辯訴交易制度的歷史和價(jià)值進(jìn)行充分的認(rèn)識(shí)和深入的分析,才能更好地探究和解決我國(guó)是否引入以及怎樣引入辯訴交易制度等諸多問(wèn)題。目前,學(xué)者們對(duì)于辯訴交易制度歷史沿革的某些基礎(chǔ)問(wèn)題還存有不同的看法,對(duì)于辯訴交易這一制度在世界上許多國(guó)家的適用情況還了解不夠全面,對(duì)于辯訴交易的價(jià)值所在還需要進(jìn)一步細(xì)致探討。因此,筆者試圖對(duì)辯訴交易制度產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段進(jìn)行梳理,并分析辯訴交易制度在世界不同國(guó)家的差異,最后對(duì)辯訴交易制度的價(jià)值進(jìn)行綜合分析評(píng)價(jià),以期為學(xué)術(shù)界的相關(guān)研究工作提供一些個(gè)人的思考。 本文除引言、結(jié)語(yǔ)以外,共分四個(gè)部分。 第一部分是美國(guó)辯訴交易制度的產(chǎn)生。明確了辯訴交易的涵義,探討了辯訴交易制度產(chǎn)生的歷史原因。 第二部分是美國(guó)辯訴交易制度的發(fā)展。通過(guò)對(duì)辯訴交易制度的發(fā)展進(jìn)行梳理,明確美國(guó)辯訴交易制度是如何歷經(jīng)非公開(kāi)狀態(tài)到公開(kāi)狀態(tài)、最終成為國(guó)家的一項(xiàng)基本司法制度,以及怎么在種種責(zé)難、波折中發(fā)展壯大起來(lái)的。 第三部分是美國(guó)辯訴交易制度對(duì)其他國(guó)家的影響。結(jié)合英國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、德國(guó)、意大利、西班牙、我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)等國(guó)家和地區(qū)對(duì)辯訴交易制度的規(guī)定,分析辯訴交易制度在不同國(guó)家的差異。 第四部分是辯訴交易制度的價(jià)值分析。主要是從辯訴交易制度自身的局限性和合理性等兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行深入分析,得出結(jié)論“辯訴交易制度優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,它使被告人、司法系統(tǒng)和社會(huì)公共利益等多方受益,這正是辯訴交易制度的魅力所在”。 在論文的寫(xiě)作上,筆者主要采取了歷史考證、歷史分析對(duì)比等研究方法。
[Abstract]:In the United States in the 19 th century, the criminal crime rate remained high and the criminal cases appeared a serious backlog. As a result, in order to deal with the backlog of cases in a timely and effective manner, prosecutors in some major cities began to try to use plea bargaining in judicial practice, that is, on the premise that the accused made a guilty plea. Prosecutors in the case promised to reduce the charges either by reducing the number of charges or by offering a more favourable verdict to the judge. Plea bargaining can effectively reduce the burden of proof of prosecutors, save judicial costs, and improve the efficiency of criminal justice, so it can be applied in most states of the United States. Moreover, plea bargaining, a judicial system, has broken through the legal background and cultural tradition, and has been widely used and developed in many countries in the world. Plea bargaining system is growing in criticism and growing in questioning, showing indomitable vitality, and has a profound influence on the criminal procedure system of many countries in the world. It is indeed a thought-provoking issue. At present, the discussion and analysis of plea bargaining system has become a hot spot in the academic circles of our country. Whether and how to introduce this system has become the focus of attention. Only by fully understanding and analyzing the history and value of plea bargaining system can we better explore and solve many problems such as whether and how to introduce plea bargaining system in our country. At present, scholars still have different views on some basic issues in the history and evolution of plea bargaining system, and they do not have a comprehensive understanding of the application of plea bargaining system in many countries in the world. The value of plea bargaining needs further detailed discussion. Therefore, the author tries to sort out the emergence and development of the plea bargaining system, analyze the differences of the plea bargaining system in different countries in the world, and finally analyze and evaluate the value of the plea bargaining system. In order to provide some personal thinking for the academic research work. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four parts. The first part is the emergence of American plea bargaining system. This paper clarifies the meaning of plea bargaining and probes into the historical reasons for the emergence of plea bargaining system. The second part is the development of American plea bargaining system. By combing the development of the plea bargaining system, it is clear how the American plea bargaining system goes through a closed state to a public state, and finally becomes a basic judicial system of the country, and how to criticize it in all sorts of ways. In the midst of twists and turns, it has grown stronger and stronger. The third part is the influence of American plea bargaining system on other countries. This paper analyzes the differences of plea bargaining system in different countries and regions such as Britain, Canada, Australia, Germany, Italy, Spain, Taiwan and other countries and regions. The fourth part is the value analysis of plea bargaining system. It mainly analyzes the limitation and rationality of plea bargaining system itself, and draws the conclusion that "plea bargaining system has obvious advantages, it benefits the defendant, judicial system and social public interest, and so on." This is the charm of the plea bargaining system. In the writing of the thesis, the author mainly adopts historical textual research, historical analysis and comparison and other research methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：DD915.3;D971.2

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本文編號(hào)：2408124