【摘要】：20世紀(jì)90年代，日本經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)重的衰退，伴隨著泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)的崩潰，土地等不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的價(jià)格不斷下跌，以不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為擔(dān)保從銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)獲取的融資因不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的拍賣(mài)價(jià)格過(guò)低，或者根本沒(méi)有買(mǎi)受人出價(jià)競(jìng)買(mǎi)，導(dǎo)致抵押權(quán)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)，銀行出現(xiàn)大量的不良債權(quán)，銀行貸款不斷縮小，經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)十分嚴(yán)重。于是日本的債權(quán)人們（主要為銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)為代表）另辟蹊徑，找到了一條更能保障債權(quán)回收的方法——通過(guò)對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的租金債權(quán)行使物上代位，經(jīng)過(guò)日積月累的租金積累回收更多的擔(dān)保債權(quán)，但是，在實(shí)際行使中卻存在很多問(wèn)題，銀行依然很難達(dá)到債權(quán)回收的目的。及至2003年的日本擔(dān)保法制改革創(chuàng)設(shè)了新的抵押權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式——擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)收益執(zhí)行制度，通過(guò)強(qiáng)制收取擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的收益來(lái)清償被擔(dān)保的債權(quán)，本文主要從擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)收益執(zhí)行制度的創(chuàng)設(shè)過(guò)程、構(gòu)成要件以及對(duì)該制度的評(píng)析等方面進(jìn)行了介紹，最后介紹了該制度對(duì)我國(guó)擔(dān)保物權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)與發(fā)展的借鑒意義。本文共有四個(gè)部分，各部分的主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一部分，擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)收益執(zhí)行制度的創(chuàng)設(shè)過(guò)程。這一部分主要介紹了在日本傳統(tǒng)的抵押權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式，但是隨著日本經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的變化，這些傳統(tǒng)方式不能滿足對(duì)擔(dān)保債權(quán)回收的需要，于是，在擔(dān)保法改革的過(guò)程中，將日本《民事執(zhí)行法》中的強(qiáng)制管理程序準(zhǔn)用的抵押權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)中來(lái)，設(shè)立了擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)收益執(zhí)行制度。 第二部分，擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)收益執(zhí)行制度的構(gòu)成要件。首先該制度準(zhǔn)用的是日本《民事執(zhí)行法》第97條關(guān)于強(qiáng)制管理的規(guī)定，兩者的構(gòu)成大體一致，只是實(shí)行的依據(jù)不相同；其次以獲取不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的收益為目的對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)制管理，大體就是將不動(dòng)產(chǎn)出租，通過(guò)收取租金的形式來(lái)清償債權(quán)再次，在該制度中，管理人充當(dāng)了一個(gè)非常重要的角色，因此要嚴(yán)格選任管理人，對(duì)管理人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)必須要明確；最后該制度的最終目的是清償被擔(dān)保的債權(quán)，，因此，對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)管理的結(jié)果就是將收取的收益進(jìn)行分配，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)。 第三部分，對(duì)該制度的評(píng)析。這一部分主要介紹了擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)收益執(zhí)行制度與租金債權(quán)的物上代位制度兩者都作為抵押權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式的區(qū)別，同時(shí)，介紹了該制度對(duì)抵押權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式的的創(chuàng)新，將抵押權(quán)的權(quán)能擴(kuò)大到了擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的使用收益價(jià)值。 第四部分，擔(dān)保不動(dòng)產(chǎn)收益執(zhí)行制度對(duì)我國(guó)抵押權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)與發(fā)展的借鑒意義。這一部分主要介紹了在我國(guó)引入該制度的意義以及借鑒時(shí)需要考慮的現(xiàn)實(shí)條件。
[Abstract]:In the 1990s, the Japanese economy experienced a severe recession. With the collapse of the bubble economy, the prices of real estate such as land kept falling, and the financing obtained from banks and other financial institutions guaranteed by real estate was too low because of the low auction price of real estate. Or no buyer bid, resulting in the mortgage can not be realized, banks appear a large number of non-performing loans, bank loans continue to shrink, the economic situation is very serious. So Japanese creditors, mainly banks and other financial institutions, found a way to better protect the recovery of claims-by subrogation of real estate rent claims. Through the accumulated rent accumulation and recovery of more secured claims, however, in practice there are many problems, banks are still very difficult to achieve the purpose of debt recovery. Until 2003, the Japanese guarantee legal system reform created a new way to realize the mortgage, which is the implementation system of the proceeds of secured real estate, which pays off the secured creditor's rights through the compulsory collection of the proceeds of secured real property. In this paper, the author introduces the process of the establishment of the system, the elements of the system and the evaluation of the system, and finally introduces the significance of the system for the realization and development of the real right of security in our country. There are four parts in this paper. The main contents of each part are as follows: the first part, the creation process of the implementation system of secured real estate proceeds. This part mainly introduces the traditional way of realizing mortgage right in Japan, but with the change of Japanese economic situation, these traditional ways can not meet the demand of the recovery of secured claims, so, in the course of the reform of security law, In this paper, the enforcement system of secured real estate proceeds is established by applying the hypothec of compulsory administrative procedure in the Civil Enforcement Law of Japan. The second part, the constituent elements of the enforcement system of secured real estate proceeds. First of all, the system is applicable to the Japanese Civil Enforcement Law, the 97 provisions on compulsory management, the composition of the two is generally the same, but the implementation of the basis is not the same; Secondly, in order to obtain the income of real estate for the purpose of compulsory management of real estate, the general is to rent the real estate, through the form of rent to pay off claims again, in this system, the administrator played a very important role, Therefore, to strictly select managers, the rights and obligations of managers must be clear; Finally, the ultimate purpose of this system is to pay off the secured creditor's rights, so the result of real estate management is to distribute the income collected and finally realize the mortgage. The third part, the analysis of the system. This part mainly introduces the difference between the implementation system of secured real estate proceeds and the subrogation system of rent and creditor's rights as the way of realizing mortgage, and at the same time, introduces the innovation of this system to the realization of mortgage. The power of mortgage is extended to the value of the use of secured real property. The fourth part, the implementation system of secured real estate proceeds for the realization and development of mortgage significance. This part mainly introduces the significance of introducing the system in China and the practical conditions to be considered.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D931.3

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