【摘要】：近年來隨著見危不救事件，以及救人后反被誣陷訛詐的情況被媒體屢屢的曝光。該類事件逐漸成為人們關注的焦點。人們在對見危不救者進行譴責的同時，也對被訛詐者表示同情。見危不救在反映出我國普遍存在的道德問題的同時，傳統(tǒng)的道德文化也正面臨著嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)。繼而產(chǎn)生了將見危不救進行法律規(guī)制與反對法律規(guī)制兩種不同的聲音，致使現(xiàn)代的法制和傳統(tǒng)的道德出現(xiàn)了激烈的碰撞。見危不救問題中涉及到法律與道德之間的關系,其需要結合我國當代的具體情況而定。即使需要通過法律來加固見危不救等一系列道德上的行為,也應懲治與激勵雙管齊下。 筆者首先從現(xiàn)實事件引入問題的探討，對見危不救的含義、類型、成因進行描述。從社會、經(jīng)濟、教育、媒體以及見危不救的法律方面對見危不救的問題成因進行分析。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，見危不救的出現(xiàn)是基于多重因素產(chǎn)生的。要解決見危不救問題，需要從各方面入手，深入切實地解決問題，化解人們心中的芥蒂，從而提高整個社會的道德水平。筆者所說的見危不救，是限于在未確定是否具有救助義務的行為人，在見到他人處于危急狀態(tài)下時，，能救助而不予救助的行為。 其次對國外及我國關于見危不救的立法與規(guī)定進行分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)當代中國不僅不同于國外的一些特有國情，相對于古代立法的背景，當代中國也有很大的不同。我國學者們也對見危不救是否進行法律規(guī)制的不同理念進行了討論。在討論中發(fā)現(xiàn)見危不救的法律規(guī)制，尤其在刑事責任方面，意味著在遇見他人危難的時候負有一定的作為義務，假設行為人有能力履行而未履行便構成了犯罪。但見危必救、見義勇為是道德上更高的要求，而非道德底線，是對他人有利的行為。 最后對見危不救法律規(guī)制的基礎、可行性及其限度進行了探討。發(fā)現(xiàn)見危不救問題本身處在一個尷尬的位置，在社會各界紛紛對其抨擊的同時，卻難以找到一個切實有效的解決辦法。法律對策干預見危不救的范圍是有限的，對見危不救者實施懲罰的法律對策是最終不得已才能為之，是最后的底線。同實行保護和獎勵救助者以及對救助制度完善的法律對策來比較，在一定程度上可以激勵行為人見危施救。也可從注重教育社會實踐與媒體宣傳方向等方面，進行道德的規(guī)范。促使我國見危不救問題得到整體的改善。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the media has repeatedly exposed the situation of not rescuing people and being framed and blackmailed. Such events have gradually become the focus of attention. People, while denouncing those who cannot be saved, sympathize with those who have been blackmailed. At the same time, the traditional moral culture is facing severe challenges. Then there are two kinds of different voices: the legal regulation and the opposition to the legal regulation, which leads to the fierce collision between the modern legal system and the traditional morality. The relationship between law and morality is involved in the problem of not rescuing danger, which needs to be combined with the concrete situation of our country. Even if a series of moral behaviors, such as danger or rescue, need to be strengthened by law, both punishment and encouragement should be taken. The author first introduces the problem from the real events, and describes the meaning, type and cause of formation. From the social, economic, educational, media and the legal aspects of the crisis to save the causes of the problem. Through analysis, it is found that the emergence of danger is based on multiple factors. In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to solve the problem from all aspects, solve the problem in depth and conscientiously, defuse the mustard in people's hearts, and improve the moral level of the whole society. The author says that the act of not saving is limited to the person who is not sure whether or not he has the duty to rescue, but can not save when he sees the other person is in a state of crisis. Secondly, it analyzes the legislation and regulations of seeing danger and not rescuing in foreign countries and our country. It is found that contemporary China is not only different from some special conditions of foreign countries, but also different from the background of ancient legislation. Chinese scholars have also discussed the different ideas of legal regulation or not. In the discussion, it is found that the legal regulation, especially in the aspect of criminal responsibility, means that there is a certain obligation to act when meeting others in distress, assuming that the perpetrator has the ability to perform but fails to perform, which constitutes a crime. But to see danger and save, to act boldly is a higher moral requirement, not a moral bottom line. It is beneficial to others. At last, the basis, feasibility and limitation of legal regulation are discussed. It is found that the problem of not rescuing itself is in an awkward position, but it is difficult to find a practical and effective solution at the same time that people from all walks of life criticize it one after another. The scope of legal intervention is limited, and the legal countermeasures to punish those who do not see danger are the last resort and the final bottom line. Compared with the legal measures to protect and reward the rescuers and perfect the rescue system, the doers can be encouraged to rescue in a certain extent. Can also focus on education and social practice and media publicity, such as the direction of moral norms. Promote our country to see danger do not save the problem to get the overall improvement.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D920.4

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