聽眾理論及其在法律實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-25 22:49
【摘要】：對聽眾理論的研究，最早可追溯到古典修辭學(xué)的最杰出代表亞里士多德，后來佩雷爾曼繼承亞里士多德的修辭學(xué)理論，并發(fā)展了其聽眾理論，，尤其是使其聽眾概念擴(kuò)大化。佩雷爾曼的聽眾理論已較為成熟。 所謂聽眾，就是說話者在論證過程中試圖影響的人。聽眾理論就是在論辯過程中從聽眾的角度出發(fā)，討論說話者如何使自己的觀點(diǎn)獲得聽眾的支持，并因而具有合理性和可接受性。聽眾理論中的聽眾，就是指的特定理想聽眾，即可以達(dá)成理性共識(shí)的團(tuán)體，他們都能遵從議論理性，并合理地接受所提出的論點(diǎn)，以防止某些激情演說家或煽動(dòng)家的出現(xiàn)。譬如在法律實(shí)踐過程中，無論是立法中，還是法庭論辯以及司法裁判中所面對的特定理想聽眾，都是職業(yè)化的法律人或者具有法學(xué)知識(shí)的有理智的人。如果每一過程都能獲得其支持，那么法律實(shí)踐就是完滿的。 說服有兩個(gè)維度，一是亞里士多德和佩雷爾曼所謂的“發(fā)現(xiàn)說服的能力”，亦即說服者說服聽眾的準(zhǔn)備過程；二是運(yùn)用說服的能力，即修辭者面對聽眾，用自己的理論說服聽眾的過程。聽眾理論在這兩個(gè)過程都具有巨大的應(yīng)用價(jià)值�！八痉ㄟ壿嫷母灸康脑谟谡f服”，法律實(shí)踐本身就是充滿著說服和反說服的過程，將聽眾理論應(yīng)用于法律實(shí)踐，不僅對律師做出說服性的辯護(hù)，還是對被告人做出簡明有力的最后陳述，或者對法官作出可接受的裁判等都大有助益。 本文共三個(gè)部分。 第一部分：聽眾理論的歷史淵源。介紹了亞里士多德及佩雷爾曼的修辭學(xué)及其聽眾理論。亞里士多德在其著作《修辭學(xué)》中論述了聽眾的地位并分析了聽眾的情感。佩雷爾曼重視聽眾的分析在人文科學(xué)的研究中有著不可或缺的作用，并進(jìn)而將聽眾區(qū)分為普遍聽眾、單一聽眾和自我聽眾。 第二部分：聽眾與聽眾理論。這是本文的理論重點(diǎn)，通過借鑒亞里士多德和佩雷爾曼對聽眾理論的研究，并參考聽眾在電視、宣傳和演講中的價(jià)值，總結(jié)出聽眾的概念和聽眾理論的內(nèi)容，把聽眾理論分為論證過程中的聽眾理論和說服過程中的聽眾理論。 第三部分：聽眾理論在法律實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用。這是本文的落腳點(diǎn)和歸宿。通過具體案例，著重分析了聽眾理論在法庭辯論、被告人最后陳述和司法裁判文書中的應(yīng)用方法及效果，從而說明聽眾理論在法律實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The study of audience theory can be traced back to Aristotle, the most outstanding representative of classical rhetoric. Later, Perelman inherited Aristotle's rhetoric theory and developed his audience theory, especially to expand the concept of audience. Perelman's theory of audience is mature. The audience is the person the speaker tries to influence in the process of argument. The theory of audience is to discuss how the speaker can get the support of the audience from the perspective of the listener in the process of argumentation, and therefore it is reasonable and acceptable. The audience in the audience theory refers to the specific ideal audience, that is, the group that can reach a rational consensus. They can follow the reasoning reason and accept the argument reasonably, so as to prevent some passionate orator or agitator from appearing. For example, in the process of legal practice, whether in legislation, in court argument or in judicial decision, the special ideal audience is a professional legal person or a rational person with legal knowledge. If each process is supported, then legal practice is perfect. Persuasion has two dimensions, one is Aristotle and Perelman's so-called "ability to discover persuasion", that is, the preparatory process of persuasion. The second is the ability of persuasion, that is, the process of the rhetorician facing the audience and persuading the listener with his own theory. Audience theory has great application value in both processes. "the fundamental purpose of judicial logic is persuasion". Legal practice itself is full of persuasion and counter-persuasion. The application of listener theory to legal practice is not only a persuasive defense to lawyers. It is also helpful to make concise and powerful final statements to the accused, or to make an acceptable decision to the judge. There are three parts in this paper. The first part: the historical origin of audience theory. This paper introduces Aristotle and Perelman's rhetoric and his audience theory. In his book rhetoric, Aristotle discusses the status of listeners and analyzes their emotions. Perelman attached great importance to the analysis of the audience in the study of the humanities, and then divided the audience into the universal audience, the single audience and the self-audience. The second part: audience and audience theory. This is the focus of this paper. By referring to Aristotle and Perelman's research on audience theory, and referring to the audience's value in television, propaganda and speech, the author summarizes the concept of audience and the content of audience theory. The theory of audience is divided into the theory of audience in the process of argumentation and the theory of audience in the process of persuasion. The third part: the application of audience theory in legal practice. This is the foothold and destination of this article. In this paper, the author analyzes the application method and effect of the audience theory in the court debate, the defendant's final statement and the judicial judgment document through the concrete case, thus explains the application value of the audience theory in the legal practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D90-051
本文編號：2357594
[Abstract]:The study of audience theory can be traced back to Aristotle, the most outstanding representative of classical rhetoric. Later, Perelman inherited Aristotle's rhetoric theory and developed his audience theory, especially to expand the concept of audience. Perelman's theory of audience is mature. The audience is the person the speaker tries to influence in the process of argument. The theory of audience is to discuss how the speaker can get the support of the audience from the perspective of the listener in the process of argumentation, and therefore it is reasonable and acceptable. The audience in the audience theory refers to the specific ideal audience, that is, the group that can reach a rational consensus. They can follow the reasoning reason and accept the argument reasonably, so as to prevent some passionate orator or agitator from appearing. For example, in the process of legal practice, whether in legislation, in court argument or in judicial decision, the special ideal audience is a professional legal person or a rational person with legal knowledge. If each process is supported, then legal practice is perfect. Persuasion has two dimensions, one is Aristotle and Perelman's so-called "ability to discover persuasion", that is, the preparatory process of persuasion. The second is the ability of persuasion, that is, the process of the rhetorician facing the audience and persuading the listener with his own theory. Audience theory has great application value in both processes. "the fundamental purpose of judicial logic is persuasion". Legal practice itself is full of persuasion and counter-persuasion. The application of listener theory to legal practice is not only a persuasive defense to lawyers. It is also helpful to make concise and powerful final statements to the accused, or to make an acceptable decision to the judge. There are three parts in this paper. The first part: the historical origin of audience theory. This paper introduces Aristotle and Perelman's rhetoric and his audience theory. In his book rhetoric, Aristotle discusses the status of listeners and analyzes their emotions. Perelman attached great importance to the analysis of the audience in the study of the humanities, and then divided the audience into the universal audience, the single audience and the self-audience. The second part: audience and audience theory. This is the focus of this paper. By referring to Aristotle and Perelman's research on audience theory, and referring to the audience's value in television, propaganda and speech, the author summarizes the concept of audience and the content of audience theory. The theory of audience is divided into the theory of audience in the process of argumentation and the theory of audience in the process of persuasion. The third part: the application of audience theory in legal practice. This is the foothold and destination of this article. In this paper, the author analyzes the application method and effect of the audience theory in the court debate, the defendant's final statement and the judicial judgment document through the concrete case, thus explains the application value of the audience theory in the legal practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D90-051
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