論我國(guó)立法中的利益表達(dá)機(jī)制
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-11 11:07
【摘要】： 改革開(kāi)放30年來(lái),我國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)生了深刻的變化,經(jīng)濟(jì)體制深刻變革,社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)深刻變動(dòng),利益格局深刻調(diào)整,思想觀(guān)念深刻變化。這一系列變革、變動(dòng)、調(diào)整和變化,造成了我國(guó)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的分層和社會(huì)利益的分化,表現(xiàn)為社會(huì)的多層化和利益主體的多元化。 社會(huì)資源是有限的,而對(duì)資源的爭(zhēng)奪卻是一種社會(huì)常態(tài)。從本質(zhì)上而言,立法是通過(guò)在社會(huì)成員之間對(duì)權(quán)利、權(quán)力、義務(wù)、責(zé)任進(jìn)行權(quán)威配置,進(jìn)而調(diào)整社會(huì)關(guān)系,維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序。因此,全體社會(huì)成員的利益和價(jià)值訴求有效地在立法過(guò)程中進(jìn)行表達(dá),不僅是立法程序正義的要求,更是促進(jìn)立法實(shí)體公正的前提條件。 從我國(guó)近來(lái)年的一些典型立法事件,可以窺探出在我國(guó)立法過(guò)程中利益表達(dá)機(jī)制的不健全和不完善,這已經(jīng)成為影響我國(guó)立法公正的不利因素。因此,應(yīng)當(dāng)在利益表達(dá)的制度上、利益表達(dá)的主體上、利益表達(dá)的程序上進(jìn)行完善,從而有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)立法公平和社會(huì)和諧。本文共分為三個(gè)部分： 第一部分從對(duì)利益的界定入手,結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)“資源的稀缺性”和“經(jīng)濟(jì)人”兩個(gè)理論假設(shè),推導(dǎo)出社會(huì)成員進(jìn)行利益表達(dá)的內(nèi)在驅(qū)動(dòng)力。進(jìn)而分析在立法過(guò)程中,社會(huì)成員進(jìn)行利益表達(dá)的兩種主要方式。而后著重從利益表達(dá)在立法過(guò)程中所起的作用入手,論述了完善的利益表達(dá)機(jī)制對(duì)于體現(xiàn)立法的程序正義,促進(jìn)立法的實(shí)體公正所起到的積極作用,從而推論出完善我國(guó)立法過(guò)程中利益表達(dá)機(jī)制的重要性和緊迫性。 第二部分通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段典型法律事件的分析,總結(jié)出強(qiáng)勢(shì)利益群體和弱勢(shì)利益群體在利益表達(dá)能力上的嚴(yán)重失衡。文章從三個(gè)方面分析了造成我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段立法過(guò)程中利益表達(dá)失衡的原因,并歸納為對(duì)利益表達(dá)的制度性限制,對(duì)利益表達(dá)的主體性限制和對(duì)利益表達(dá)的程序性限制等三個(gè)方面的原因。 第三部分根據(jù)羅爾斯“社會(huì)正義原則”的要求,即社會(huì)體制必須做出最有利于最少受惠者的安排,得出必須建立并完善立法過(guò)程中的利益表達(dá)機(jī)制,使立法能夠真正聚集全社會(huì)的智力,體現(xiàn)不同利益群體的多元利益。與第三部分提出的原因相對(duì)應(yīng),第四部分提出了完善利益表達(dá)的途徑,分別為促進(jìn)立法模式的轉(zhuǎn)型,保障利益表達(dá)主體的多元化以及完善利益表達(dá)機(jī)制的程序等三個(gè)方面的建議。
[Abstract]:During the past 30 years of reform and opening up, profound changes have taken place in our society, including the economic system, the social structure, the adjustment of the pattern of interests, and the profound changes in our ideology. This series of changes, adjustments and changes have resulted in the stratification of social structure and the differentiation of social interests in our country, which are manifested in the multilayer of society and the diversification of the main body of interest. Social resources are limited, but the competition for resources is a social norm. In essence, legislation is to regulate social relations and maintain social order through the authoritative allocation of rights, powers, obligations and responsibilities among members of society. Therefore, the interests and value demands of all social members are effectively expressed in the legislative process, which is not only the requirement of legislative procedure justice, but also the prerequisite to promote the legislative entity justice. From some typical legislative events in recent years in our country, we can find out the imperfection and imperfection of interest expression mechanism in the process of legislation in our country, which has become the unfavorable factor that affects the justice of legislation in our country. Therefore, we should perfect the system of interest expression, the subject of interest expression and the procedure of interest expression, which will help to realize legislative fairness and social harmony. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part begins with the definition of interest and deduces the internal driving force of social members' interest expression by combining the theoretical hypotheses of "scarcity of resources" and "economic man" in economics. Then it analyzes the two main ways of social members expressing their interests in the legislative process. Then, from the point of view of the role of interest expression in the legislative process, this paper discusses the positive role of the perfect interest expression mechanism in embodying the procedural justice of the legislation and promoting the substantive justice of the legislation. Thus, the importance and urgency of perfecting the mechanism of interest expression in the legislative process of our country are inferred. The second part through the analysis of the typical legal events at the present stage of our country summarizes the serious imbalance between the strong interest group and the weak interest group in the interest expression ability. This paper analyzes the causes of the imbalance of interest expression in the current legislative process of our country from three aspects, and concludes it as the institutional restriction on the expression of interest. There are three reasons: subjective restriction on interest expression and procedural restriction on interest expression. In the third part, according to Rawls'"principle of Social Justice", that is, the social system must make the most favorable arrangements for the least beneficiaries, and draw the conclusion that the mechanism of interest expression in the legislative process must be established and perfected. So that legislation can truly gather the intelligence of the whole society and reflect the diverse interests of different interest groups. Corresponding to the reasons proposed in the third part, the fourth part puts forward ways to improve the expression of interests, respectively, to promote the transformation of the legislative model. Three suggestions are put forward, such as the diversification of the subject of interest expression and the procedure of perfecting the mechanism of interest expression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0
本文編號(hào)：2324648
[Abstract]:During the past 30 years of reform and opening up, profound changes have taken place in our society, including the economic system, the social structure, the adjustment of the pattern of interests, and the profound changes in our ideology. This series of changes, adjustments and changes have resulted in the stratification of social structure and the differentiation of social interests in our country, which are manifested in the multilayer of society and the diversification of the main body of interest. Social resources are limited, but the competition for resources is a social norm. In essence, legislation is to regulate social relations and maintain social order through the authoritative allocation of rights, powers, obligations and responsibilities among members of society. Therefore, the interests and value demands of all social members are effectively expressed in the legislative process, which is not only the requirement of legislative procedure justice, but also the prerequisite to promote the legislative entity justice. From some typical legislative events in recent years in our country, we can find out the imperfection and imperfection of interest expression mechanism in the process of legislation in our country, which has become the unfavorable factor that affects the justice of legislation in our country. Therefore, we should perfect the system of interest expression, the subject of interest expression and the procedure of interest expression, which will help to realize legislative fairness and social harmony. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part begins with the definition of interest and deduces the internal driving force of social members' interest expression by combining the theoretical hypotheses of "scarcity of resources" and "economic man" in economics. Then it analyzes the two main ways of social members expressing their interests in the legislative process. Then, from the point of view of the role of interest expression in the legislative process, this paper discusses the positive role of the perfect interest expression mechanism in embodying the procedural justice of the legislation and promoting the substantive justice of the legislation. Thus, the importance and urgency of perfecting the mechanism of interest expression in the legislative process of our country are inferred. The second part through the analysis of the typical legal events at the present stage of our country summarizes the serious imbalance between the strong interest group and the weak interest group in the interest expression ability. This paper analyzes the causes of the imbalance of interest expression in the current legislative process of our country from three aspects, and concludes it as the institutional restriction on the expression of interest. There are three reasons: subjective restriction on interest expression and procedural restriction on interest expression. In the third part, according to Rawls'"principle of Social Justice", that is, the social system must make the most favorable arrangements for the least beneficiaries, and draw the conclusion that the mechanism of interest expression in the legislative process must be established and perfected. So that legislation can truly gather the intelligence of the whole society and reflect the diverse interests of different interest groups. Corresponding to the reasons proposed in the third part, the fourth part puts forward ways to improve the expression of interests, respectively, to promote the transformation of the legislative model. Three suggestions are put forward, such as the diversification of the subject of interest expression and the procedure of perfecting the mechanism of interest expression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0
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