【摘要】： 《憲綱》作為明代最重要監(jiān)察法,長(zhǎng)期不為人知,亦無(wú)專(zhuān)門(mén)研究,以至于在名稱(chēng)、篇幅、內(nèi)容甚至這部法律是否存在等方面,學(xué)界眾說(shuō)紛紜、莫衷一是。 本文利用收集到的《憲綱》原文,從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究。一是《憲綱》的立法過(guò)程。·在明代立國(guó)之前,朱元璋尚稱(chēng)吳王時(shí),就下令制訂這部法律,洪武四年頒行。之后由于監(jiān)察官員往往隨意增補(bǔ),因此宣宗時(shí)期作了重新修訂,英宗正統(tǒng)四年頒布施行。二是《憲綱》的名稱(chēng)和篇幅。當(dāng)前明史研究中,《憲綱》的名稱(chēng)和篇幅有多種說(shuō)法,本文均一一加以考訂,指出上述說(shuō)法的錯(cuò)誤之處。三是《憲綱》的主要內(nèi)容。從監(jiān)察官員的糾劾、出巡、問(wèn)刑、文書(shū)監(jiān)察、選用,以及監(jiān)察官員行使職權(quán)的保障與約束等六個(gè)方面分析了《憲綱》的內(nèi)容。四是《憲綱》的意義和啟示,本文認(rèn)為《憲綱》是我國(guó)古代集大成的監(jiān)察法,以其為代表的明代監(jiān)察制度成為大明王朝得以延續(xù)近三百年的重要基礎(chǔ),并且使監(jiān)察官員的良好形象深入民間。在《憲綱》的保障和約束下,明代監(jiān)察官員直言極諫的精神和戴著鐐銬的監(jiān)督,對(duì)于今天完善監(jiān)察制度都具有非常深刻的啟示。 作為第一篇專(zhuān)門(mén)研究《憲綱》的文章,本文在許多地方還需要在今后進(jìn)一步完善,最主要的是三十四條條文的演化過(guò)程和執(zhí)行效果有待深入考訂�？加喪浅粤Φ�,但卻是研究《憲綱》乃至明代監(jiān)察制度的基礎(chǔ)性工作,而這些工作尚待更多的同志參與。
[Abstract]:As the most important supervisory law of the Ming Dynasty, the constitutional outline has not been known for a long time and has not been specially studied. Therefore, there are different opinions on the name, length, content and even the existence of the law. This paper makes use of the collected original text of the Constitution to study it from four aspects. The first was the legislative process of the Constitution. Before the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was still known as King Wu, and ordered the enactment of this law, which was enacted by Hongwu for four years. Then, as the censors were often randomly added, the Xuan Zong period was revised, and the English orthodoxy was promulgated for four years. The second is the name and length of the Constitution. In the study of the history of Ming Dynasty, the title and length of the Constitution have been studied in this paper, pointing out the mistakes of the above statements. Third, the main contents of the Constitution. This paper analyzes the contents of "Constitutional outline" from six aspects: impeachment, inspection, interrogation, document supervision, selection, as well as the guarantee and restriction of the exercise of functions and powers of supervisory officials. The fourth is the significance and enlightenment of the "constitutional outline". This paper holds that the "constitutional outline" is the law of supervision in ancient China, and the supervision system in Ming Dynasty, represented by it, has become an important foundation for the continuation of the Daming dynasty for nearly 300 years. And make the good image of the supervisor go deep into the people. Under the guarantee and restriction of "the Constitution", the spirit of direct admonition and the manacled supervision of the supervisory officials in the Ming Dynasty have profound enlightenment to the perfection of the supervision system today. As the first article devoted to the study of the Constitution, this paper needs to be further improved in many places in the future. The most important thing is that the evolution process and implementation effect of the 34 articles need to be further studied. Examination is hard work, but it is the basic work of studying the "constitution" and even the supervision system of Ming Dynasty, which needs more comrades to participate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D929;K248

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