莎劇《奧瑟羅》的法律之維
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-17 19:21
【摘要】：作為一項跨學(xué)科研究,“法律與文學(xué)”在國內(nèi)外均取得了長足的發(fā)展。從早期探索走向?qū)W術(shù)自覺,從零散、片斷性研究走向系統(tǒng)、成規(guī)模論說,并進(jìn)而形成觀點的交鋒,學(xué)理的探討,這一過程展示了“法律與文學(xué)”這一交叉研究的生命力,同時也表明這一研究具備獲得進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)、深化的可能。 莎士比亞是英國文藝復(fù)興時期杰出的劇作家與詩人,是人類文明史上最重要的作家之一�！吧勘葋啞鄙踔辆褪莻ゴ笞骷业拇~。莎翁的不朽名著《奧瑟羅》位列“四大悲劇”之一,講述了一位英雄人物如何受到奸人的唆使而殺害了他忠貞的妻子的故事。 本文將從“法律與文學(xué)”的視角對《奧瑟羅》進(jìn)行全新闡釋,以期廓清《奧瑟羅》一劇中的法律維度,并以法律的思維對劇中主要人物的行為性質(zhì)與心理動機(jī)做進(jìn)一步探討,從而分析這出悲劇里各人物沖突與錯位的深層原因,進(jìn)而還原造成這種斷裂的過程,找尋這出悲劇的根源。 本文的第一章將分析《奧瑟羅》中法律世界的結(jié)構(gòu)組成�！秺W瑟羅》一劇存在兩個地理場景——威尼斯與塞浦路斯。這兩個地點及其所蘊(yùn)含的法律象征是《奧瑟羅》法世界的重要構(gòu)成。從威尼斯到塞浦路斯,是秩序向混亂的過渡,是法律有效運作到漸趨失勢的歷程。這一過程同奧瑟羅殺妻一案緊密結(jié)合在一起,有助于回答一個重要問題,英雄的奧瑟羅究竟有沒有墮落。從威尼斯法律的支持者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闅埲痰膬捶?盡管最后的悔悟與自刎讓人們看到了這位昔日英雄的殘影,但他突破法律底線,犯下殺人重罪,己經(jīng)無法帶給他道德上的豁免。通過法律倫理的角度,將很容易看清這一點。 第二章將關(guān)注的重點放在全劇最邪惡的人物伊阿古身上。通過引入刑事法律有關(guān)犯罪動機(jī)、犯罪目的以及犯罪故意的理論,對伊阿古的所作所為逐一進(jìn)行梳理,對他行為的性質(zhì)給出判斷。作為罪惡的原始發(fā)動者,利用刑事法律理論對其犯罪行為進(jìn)行探究有比較明顯的優(yōu)勢。最關(guān)鍵的一條在于刑法一直都將罪視作唯一的研究重心,在查明罪的方面,刑法最追求真相,也最直接、最單純、最不受其他邊緣因素的影響。 第三章試圖還原奧瑟羅內(nèi)心確證妻子苔絲狄蒙娜存在通奸行為的過程。在這一過程中,奧瑟羅將自己視作唯一的裁判者,他所依憑的“證據(jù)”在法律上難以獲得效力,但卻讓他自己深信不疑。分析這種錯位能使我們獲得對程序正義價值的認(rèn)同,并促使我們反思個人的偏見與社會的壓力如何影響了我們的決策,造成了我們選擇的不自由。 第四章將試圖回答全文最后一個問題,奧瑟羅為什么最終拋棄了法律信條,走向毀滅之路。法律的確存在局限,不僅表現(xiàn)在它的滯后、僵化以及暴力上,更重要的是它與人世的愛之間存在相互的誤解,存在價值聯(lián)系的不當(dāng)割裂。奧瑟羅感受到了這種錯位,他將脫離這種困厄的希望寄托于苔絲狄蒙娜一人身上,在他的愛人那里他還原為人,而非僅僅是一架戰(zhàn)爭機(jī)器,這恰恰成為了他的軟肋而被伊阿古利用。他將法律與愛統(tǒng)一的理想無法在苔絲狄蒙娜那里實現(xiàn),因此他不但拋棄了法律,還毀滅了他的愛�？墒鞘聦嵣�,法律與愛共享著同樣的價值追求,奧瑟羅無視這一點,《奧瑟羅》的法世界只能崩潰。
[Abstract]:As an interdisciplinary study, Law and Literature has made great progress both at home and abroad. From early exploration to academic consciousness, from fragmentary and fragmentary research to systematic, scaled theory, and then formed a confrontation of views, academic discussion. This process demonstrates the vitality of the cross-study of Law and Literature. At the same time, it shows that this research has the possibility of further advancing and deepening.
Shakespeare is one of the outstanding playwrights and poets of the Renaissance in England and one of the most important writers in the history of human civilization. The story of his faithful wife.
This article will make a new interpretation of Othello from the perspective of "law and literature" in order to clarify the legal dimension of Othello's play, and make a further study of the main characters'behavioral nature and psychological motivation with legal thinking, so as to analyze the underlying causes of the conflicts and dislocations of the characters in the tragedy, and then restore the causes. This process of fracture seeks the root of this tragedy.
The first chapter of this paper will analyze the structure of the legal world in Othello. The play "Othello" has two geographical scenes - Venice and Cyprus. These two locations and their legal symbols are the important components of the legal world in Othello. From Venice to Cyprus, it is the transition from order to chaos and the effective transportation of law. This process, closely linked to Othello's murder of his wife, helps answer an important question: Has the hero Othello ever degenerated? Breaking the law's bottom line and committing a felony homicide has not brought him moral immunity. From the perspective of legal ethics, it will be easy to see this point.
The second chapter focuses on Iago, the most evil character in the whole play. By introducing the theory of criminal law about criminal motive, criminal purpose and criminal intent, the author sorts out Iago's actions one by one, and judges the nature of his actions. As the original initiator of crime, he uses the theory of criminal law to judge him. The most important thing is that the criminal law always regards crime as the only research focus. In the aspect of finding out the crime, the criminal law pursues the truth most directly, the simplest and the least affected by other marginal factors.
In the third chapter, the author tries to restore Othello's inner process of confirming his wife Desdemona's adultery. In this process, Othello regards himself as the sole judge. The "evidence" on which he relies is not legally valid, but convinces himself. Analyzing this dislocation can make us gain the value of procedural justice. Recognition, and encourages us to reflect on how individual prejudices and social pressures affect our decision-making, resulting in our choice not to be free.
Chapter Four will try to answer the last question in the full text, why Othello finally abandoned the legal doctrine and went to the road of destruction. The limitations of law are not only manifested in its lag, rigidity and violence, but more importantly, there are misunderstandings between it and the love of the world, and there is an improper separation of value relations. In this dislocation, he placed his hope of escape on Desdemona, who was a man, not just a war machine, with his lover, who had become his weakness and had been exploited by Iago. He abandoned the law and destroyed his love. But in fact, law and love shared the same pursuit of value. Othello ignored this, and the legal world of Othello could only collapse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I561.073;D90-059
本文編號：2246855
[Abstract]:As an interdisciplinary study, Law and Literature has made great progress both at home and abroad. From early exploration to academic consciousness, from fragmentary and fragmentary research to systematic, scaled theory, and then formed a confrontation of views, academic discussion. This process demonstrates the vitality of the cross-study of Law and Literature. At the same time, it shows that this research has the possibility of further advancing and deepening.
Shakespeare is one of the outstanding playwrights and poets of the Renaissance in England and one of the most important writers in the history of human civilization. The story of his faithful wife.
This article will make a new interpretation of Othello from the perspective of "law and literature" in order to clarify the legal dimension of Othello's play, and make a further study of the main characters'behavioral nature and psychological motivation with legal thinking, so as to analyze the underlying causes of the conflicts and dislocations of the characters in the tragedy, and then restore the causes. This process of fracture seeks the root of this tragedy.
The first chapter of this paper will analyze the structure of the legal world in Othello. The play "Othello" has two geographical scenes - Venice and Cyprus. These two locations and their legal symbols are the important components of the legal world in Othello. From Venice to Cyprus, it is the transition from order to chaos and the effective transportation of law. This process, closely linked to Othello's murder of his wife, helps answer an important question: Has the hero Othello ever degenerated? Breaking the law's bottom line and committing a felony homicide has not brought him moral immunity. From the perspective of legal ethics, it will be easy to see this point.
The second chapter focuses on Iago, the most evil character in the whole play. By introducing the theory of criminal law about criminal motive, criminal purpose and criminal intent, the author sorts out Iago's actions one by one, and judges the nature of his actions. As the original initiator of crime, he uses the theory of criminal law to judge him. The most important thing is that the criminal law always regards crime as the only research focus. In the aspect of finding out the crime, the criminal law pursues the truth most directly, the simplest and the least affected by other marginal factors.
In the third chapter, the author tries to restore Othello's inner process of confirming his wife Desdemona's adultery. In this process, Othello regards himself as the sole judge. The "evidence" on which he relies is not legally valid, but convinces himself. Analyzing this dislocation can make us gain the value of procedural justice. Recognition, and encourages us to reflect on how individual prejudices and social pressures affect our decision-making, resulting in our choice not to be free.
Chapter Four will try to answer the last question in the full text, why Othello finally abandoned the legal doctrine and went to the road of destruction. The limitations of law are not only manifested in its lag, rigidity and violence, but more importantly, there are misunderstandings between it and the love of the world, and there is an improper separation of value relations. In this dislocation, he placed his hope of escape on Desdemona, who was a man, not just a war machine, with his lover, who had become his weakness and had been exploited by Iago. He abandoned the law and destroyed his love. But in fact, law and love shared the same pursuit of value. Othello ignored this, and the legal world of Othello could only collapse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I561.073;D90-059
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