美國(guó)純凈食品藥物的聯(lián)邦立法之路（1906-1962）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-10 20:21
【摘要】： 本文從歷史視角入手,考察了美國(guó)近半個(gè)世紀(jì)聯(lián)邦政府純凈食品藥物立法和管制的過程,側(cè)重考察立法過程中的政治因素、人文因素和社會(huì)因素,從中也探索了美國(guó)各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的政治文化特征。 美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府食品藥物立法和管制政策演變的軌跡,直接反映了美國(guó)國(guó)家與社會(huì)、政府與行業(yè)關(guān)系的歷史進(jìn)程。由于每個(gè)時(shí)代的歷史背景和執(zhí)政黨施政綱領(lǐng)的不同,美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)純凈食品藥物干預(yù)范圍和程度也處于不斷的變化之中,但也可以直觀的看到管制現(xiàn)象背后,起作用的卻是美國(guó)不同時(shí)期的物質(zhì)發(fā)展水平,以及國(guó)民自我保護(hù)意識(shí)的普遍覺醒與不斷加強(qiáng),然而聯(lián)邦法律始終是政府食品藥物管制的前提和基礎(chǔ)。 本文主要分為緒言、正文、結(jié)語(yǔ)三部分,緒言部分介紹了文章選題緣起,概述了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)界對(duì)美國(guó)食品醫(yī)藥所做的相關(guān)研究,在現(xiàn)有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上提出自己的寫作思路。本文的正文部分:第一章以歷史回顧的形式對(duì)1900年前的食品藥品摻假狀況、出現(xiàn)的原因以及地方各州政府的管制狀況進(jìn)行了介紹,重點(diǎn)考察1900年前摻假偽標(biāo)出現(xiàn)的原因,本章也是整篇論文的鋪墊;第二章是本文的重點(diǎn),重點(diǎn)考察了美國(guó)食品醫(yī)藥管制的第一部聯(lián)邦立法——1906年純凈食品飲料藥物法通過的時(shí)代背景和社會(huì)因素,說(shuō)明了在進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動(dòng)下出現(xiàn)的1906年法既是美國(guó)普通民眾開展純凈食品運(yùn)動(dòng)的成果,更是聯(lián)邦政府逐漸介入食品藥物管制和干預(yù)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的開始,符合時(shí)代和歷史發(fā)展要求,并對(duì)其主要內(nèi)容及歷史意義進(jìn)行了分析;第三章聯(lián)邦食品、藥物和化妝品法,重點(diǎn)介紹了20世紀(jì)30年代在新政的背景下,美國(guó)擴(kuò)大政府干預(yù),從而給1938年法的出臺(tái)提供了一個(gè)良好的社會(huì)背景,并對(duì)1938年法通過的過程、內(nèi)容以及歷史意義作了考察;第四章1962年科沃夫——哈里斯修正案,重點(diǎn)介紹該修正案通過的時(shí)代背景和歷史意義。最后是結(jié)語(yǔ)部分,圍繞三個(gè)法案進(jìn)行了概括性論述,并總結(jié)了聯(lián)邦立法的價(jià)值以及從中得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of history, this paper examines the process of legislation and control of pure food and drugs in the United States for nearly half a century, focusing on the political, human and social factors in the legislative process. It also explores the political and cultural characteristics of each historical period in the United States. The evolution of the federal food and drug legislation and control policy in the United States directly reflects the historical process of the relationship between the state and society, government and industry in the United States. As a result of the historical background of each era and the difference of the ruling party's policy agenda, the scope and extent of the federal government's intervention in pure food and drugs are also constantly changing, but it can also be seen intuitively behind the phenomenon of regulation. But it is the level of material development in different periods of the United States and the general awakening and strengthening of the national self-protection consciousness. However, the federal law is always the premise and foundation of the government's food and drug control. This paper is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface introduces the origin of the topic, summarizes the related research on American food and medicine in domestic and foreign academic circles, and puts forward its own writing ideas on the basis of the existing research results. The first chapter introduces the adulteration of food and drugs before 1900, the reasons and the control situation of the local governments, focusing on the reasons for the emergence of adulterated labels before 1900, the first chapter of the text of this paper introduces the situation of food and drug adulteration before 1900, as well as the reasons of the local governments' control. The second chapter is the focus of this paper, which focuses on the background and social factors of the passage of the first federal legislation on the regulation of food, medicine and food, the pure food, beverage and drugs of 1906 in the United States. It shows that the 1906 law, which appeared under the progressive movement, is not only the result of the pure food movement by ordinary Americans, but also the beginning of the federal government's intervention in food and drug control and social economy, which meets the requirements of the times and historical development. Chapter three, Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, focuses on the expansion of American government intervention in the context of the New deal in the 1930s. It provides a good social background for the promulgation of the 1938 law, and investigates the process, content and historical significance of the adoption of the 1938 law. This paper mainly introduces the background and historical significance of the amendment. The last part is the conclusion, which focuses on the three bills and summarizes the value of the federal legislation and the experience and lessons learned from it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.1
[Abstract]:From the perspective of history, this paper examines the process of legislation and control of pure food and drugs in the United States for nearly half a century, focusing on the political, human and social factors in the legislative process. It also explores the political and cultural characteristics of each historical period in the United States. The evolution of the federal food and drug legislation and control policy in the United States directly reflects the historical process of the relationship between the state and society, government and industry in the United States. As a result of the historical background of each era and the difference of the ruling party's policy agenda, the scope and extent of the federal government's intervention in pure food and drugs are also constantly changing, but it can also be seen intuitively behind the phenomenon of regulation. But it is the level of material development in different periods of the United States and the general awakening and strengthening of the national self-protection consciousness. However, the federal law is always the premise and foundation of the government's food and drug control. This paper is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface introduces the origin of the topic, summarizes the related research on American food and medicine in domestic and foreign academic circles, and puts forward its own writing ideas on the basis of the existing research results. The first chapter introduces the adulteration of food and drugs before 1900, the reasons and the control situation of the local governments, focusing on the reasons for the emergence of adulterated labels before 1900, the first chapter of the text of this paper introduces the situation of food and drug adulteration before 1900, as well as the reasons of the local governments' control. The second chapter is the focus of this paper, which focuses on the background and social factors of the passage of the first federal legislation on the regulation of food, medicine and food, the pure food, beverage and drugs of 1906 in the United States. It shows that the 1906 law, which appeared under the progressive movement, is not only the result of the pure food movement by ordinary Americans, but also the beginning of the federal government's intervention in food and drug control and social economy, which meets the requirements of the times and historical development. Chapter three, Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, focuses on the expansion of American government intervention in the context of the New deal in the 1930s. It provides a good social background for the promulgation of the 1938 law, and investigates the process, content and historical significance of the adoption of the 1938 law. This paper mainly introduces the background and historical significance of the amendment. The last part is the conclusion, which focuses on the three bills and summarizes the value of the federal legislation and the experience and lessons learned from it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.1
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
1 寇謙;;淺議食品安全監(jiān)管瀆職罪及其相關(guān)問題[J];法制與社會(huì);2011年32期
2 毛s，
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