【摘要】：本文以鄭克著的《折獄龜鑒》為中心,展現(xiàn)了古代司法官如何偵查和裁判案件。雖然不同朝代的司法官會(huì)因?yàn)樗帟r(shí)代的政治文化背景不同而可能導(dǎo)致一些個(gè)案處理方法不同,但是從整體上看卻也有共通之處。本文力圖從這些共通點(diǎn)出發(fā)中使我們能夠?qū)糯痉ü贁嗒z時(shí)運(yùn)用的偵查手段和審判方法有一個(gè)全面的了解,發(fā)掘其中的司法審判理念和斷獄精神,可以為我們今天的司法實(shí)踐提供了參考經(jīng)驗(yàn),有利于中國(guó)現(xiàn)代法制制度和觀念的發(fā)展。 在分析和歸納了《折獄龜鑒》中的案例后,我們對(duì)古代司法官的斷獄風(fēng)格有了大致的了解,即察獄之術(shù)、裁判之道和斷獄精神。首先是察獄之術(shù),即古代司法官在偵查案件過程中運(yùn)用他們的智慧靈活運(yùn)用各種偵查方法和偵查謀略。在偵查方法類型方面,將從現(xiàn)代偵查學(xué)中偵查措施是否公開使用或者運(yùn)用的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)古代偵查方法進(jìn)行一些梳理和分析,主要包括公開的偵查方法和秘密的偵查方面；在偵查謀略方面,譎術(shù)作為一種謀略在刑事科學(xué)技術(shù)十分落后的古代可謂是意義重大�！墩郦z龜鑒》中不僅充分注重譎術(shù)的運(yùn)用,并且還提出在使用譎術(shù)時(shí)所應(yīng)該遵循的一些原則,主要包括正譎并用、譎術(shù)運(yùn)用的保密性兩方面。古代司法官在偵查案件時(shí)多是將多種偵查方法和偵查謀略結(jié)合,混合使用以將二者的功能發(fā)揮至最大。其次是裁判之道,即古代司法官斷獄對(duì)成文法的適用。中國(guó)自古就是具有成文法傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)家,古代司法官在斷獄援法時(shí)不僅能深刻理解法律的內(nèi)在涵義,并且能夠分析不同案例的適用條件以及在法律適用的細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)整個(gè)案件的影響。古代司法官對(duì)成文法的適用自有其內(nèi)在邏輯,做到依法而斷和比附類推相結(jié)合,參詳法意同時(shí)不做到擅斷,既遵循先例但又嚴(yán)格區(qū)分個(gè)案的適用條件,反對(duì)深文峻法,牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)的適用法律,在情理和法理之間,能正確處理二者關(guān)系。再次是斷獄精神即主以嚴(yán)明,佐以矜謹(jǐn)。嚴(yán)明和矜謹(jǐn)作為古代司法官忠于的斷獄精神貫穿始終,即使是懲治奸匿、盜賊等也要“主以嚴(yán)明,佐以矜謹(jǐn)”。古代司法官秉持的嚴(yán)明并不是把苛暴當(dāng)做嚴(yán),把刻深當(dāng)做嚴(yán),而是要遵循法理,深察人情,并在為官態(tài)度上要做到勤勉盡心；古代司法官所秉持的矜謹(jǐn)乃是矜恤弱者,明謹(jǐn)慎審,斷獄審案不致酷濫。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on Zheng Ke's Breaking Tortoise and shows how ancient magistrates investigated and adjudicated cases. Although the law enforcement judges of different dynasties may lead to different ways of handling cases because of the different political and cultural backgrounds of their times, there are some common points on the whole. From these common points, this paper tries to enable us to have a comprehensive understanding of the investigative techniques and methods used by the ancient magistrates when they break the prison, and to explore the concept of judicial trial and the spirit of the jail-breaking. It can provide reference experience for our judicial practice today and benefit the development of Chinese modern legal system and concept. After analyzing and summing up the cases in the Tortoise of Breaking Prisons, we have a general understanding of the style of the ancient magistrates, that is, the observation of prison, the way of judgment and the spirit of breaking prison. The first is the technique of investigating the prison, that is, the ancient magistrates used their wisdom to use various methods and tactics of investigation in the process of investigating cases. In the investigation method type, from the modern investigation science investigation measure whether to use openly or to use the classification standard to carry on some combing and the analysis to the ancient investigation method, mainly includes the open investigation method and the secret investigation aspect; In the aspect of investigation and strategy, treachery, as a kind of strategy, is of great significance in the ancient times when criminal science and technology are very backward. Some principles which should be followed in the use of treachery are also put forward, including two aspects: the positive use of treachery and the confidentiality of the use of treachery. In the investigation of cases, the ancient magistrates combined various investigative methods with investigative strategies, and used them to maximize their functions. The second is the judgment, that is, the application of the statute law by the ancient magistrates. Since ancient times, China is a country with the tradition of statutory law. In the law of jail-breaking aid, the ancient magistrates can not only deeply understand the inherent meaning of the law, but also analyze the application conditions of different cases and the influence of the details of the application of the law on the whole case. In ancient times, the application of statutory law had its own internal logic, which combined the law with analogy, the meaning of reference to the law was not arbitrary at the same time. It not only followed the precedent but also strictly distinguished the applicable conditions of the case, and opposed the profound and profound law. The applicable law can correctly deal with the relationship between reason and law. Again, the spirit of breaking the prison, that is, the Lord with strict, accompanied by the right. Yan Ming and Jin, as an ancient law enforcement judge, were loyal to the spirit of breaking the prison throughout the whole time, even when punishing and hiding the traitors, thieves and so on should "be strict with the Lord, and with dignity with the help of the Lord". The strictness of the ancient magistrates was not to be strict with violence, but to abide by the principles of law, to observe human feelings, and to be diligent in the attitude of officials; and the pride of ancient magistrates was to be compassionate to the weak. In a prudent trial, the trial of a prison judge is not incorruptible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D929

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