論日本的違憲審查制度
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-04 20:58
【摘要】： 本文以日本的違憲審查制度為研究對象,系統(tǒng)的介紹和分析了日本違憲審查制度的歷史沿革、體制及特征、理論分析以及存在的主要問題和改革思路。 本文共分四章。第一章主要分析了日本違憲審查制度的歷史沿革。在該部分里,先追溯了《明治憲法》產(chǎn)生的歷史背景和特點,及日本明治憲法中是否存在違憲審查的爭議,影響違憲審查制度確立的因素,為理解二戰(zhàn)后基于《日本國憲法》而建立起來的違憲審查制度提供了必要的制度背景和前提。接著,探討了在《日本國憲法》制定的過程中,違憲審查制度是如何被寫入了憲法以及怎樣被寫入憲法,在這個過程中,又存在著哪些爭論。第二、三章中,系統(tǒng)的介紹了日本違憲審查的基本制度及理論分析,包括違憲審查的制度依據(jù),違憲審查的主體,違憲審查的對象,違憲審查的具體程序,違憲審查的判斷方法、原則和效力等等。在上述兩章中,著重介紹了日本違憲審查的幾項重要的法律制度,注重從日本各級法院在違憲審查中所做出的典型判例出發(fā),來分析日本法院在進行違憲審查過程中司法消極主義的成因,通過對回避憲法判斷、進行合憲限定解釋以及做出違憲判決等具體的違憲審查方法的介紹,詳細的說明了日本法院在進行違憲審查時如何基于憲法的規(guī)定,在尊重國會和內(nèi)閣的憲法職權(quán)基礎(chǔ)上,來實施違憲審查的。 在最后一章中,分析了日本違憲審查制度在具體運作中所存在的主要問題,如司法審查的消極主義。并針對所存在的問題提出了具體的改革思路。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合日本違憲審查的理論和實踐,有針對性的提出了健全和完善我國違憲審查制度的若干建議。
[Abstract]:Taking the unconstitutional review system of Japan as the research object, this paper systematically introduces and analyzes the historical evolution, system and characteristics, theoretical analysis, main problems and reform ideas of the unconstitutional review system in Japan. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the history of Japanese unconstitutional review system. In this part, the historical background and characteristics of the "Meiji Constitution" are traced back to the historical background and characteristics, as well as the controversy over whether there is a constitutional review in the Meiji Constitution of Japan, and the factors that affect the establishment of the system of unconstitutional review. It provides the necessary background and premise for understanding the unconstitutional review system established on the basis of the Japanese Constitution after World War II. Then, it discusses how the system of unconstitutional review was written into the constitution and how it was written into the constitution in the process of making the Constitution of Japan, and what is the controversy in this process. The second and third chapters systematically introduce the basic system and theoretical analysis of Japan's unconstitutional review, including the system basis of unconstitutional review, the subject of unconstitutional review, the object of unconstitutional review, the concrete procedure of unconstitutional review. The judgment method, principle and effect of unconstitutional review, etc. In the above two chapters, the author emphatically introduces several important legal systems of Japan's review of unconstitutionality, focusing on the typical cases made by Japanese courts at all levels in the review of unconstitutionality. To analyze the causes of judicial negativism in the process of unconstitutional review in Japanese courts, through the introduction of specific methods of unconstitutional review, such as circumventing constitutional judgment, carrying out constitutionally qualified interpretation and making unconstitutional judgments, etc. It explains in detail how the Japanese courts carry out the unconstitutional review on the basis of the provisions of the Constitution and respect for the constitutional powers of the Diet and the Cabinet. In the last chapter, the author analyzes the main problems existing in the operation of Japan's unconstitutional review system, such as the negativism of judicial review. At the same time, the author puts forward the concrete reform thought in view of the existing problems. On the basis of this, combined with the theory and practice of Japan's unconstitutional review, this paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect and perfect our country's unconstitutional review system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D931.3;DD911
本文編號：2223312
[Abstract]:Taking the unconstitutional review system of Japan as the research object, this paper systematically introduces and analyzes the historical evolution, system and characteristics, theoretical analysis, main problems and reform ideas of the unconstitutional review system in Japan. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the history of Japanese unconstitutional review system. In this part, the historical background and characteristics of the "Meiji Constitution" are traced back to the historical background and characteristics, as well as the controversy over whether there is a constitutional review in the Meiji Constitution of Japan, and the factors that affect the establishment of the system of unconstitutional review. It provides the necessary background and premise for understanding the unconstitutional review system established on the basis of the Japanese Constitution after World War II. Then, it discusses how the system of unconstitutional review was written into the constitution and how it was written into the constitution in the process of making the Constitution of Japan, and what is the controversy in this process. The second and third chapters systematically introduce the basic system and theoretical analysis of Japan's unconstitutional review, including the system basis of unconstitutional review, the subject of unconstitutional review, the object of unconstitutional review, the concrete procedure of unconstitutional review. The judgment method, principle and effect of unconstitutional review, etc. In the above two chapters, the author emphatically introduces several important legal systems of Japan's review of unconstitutionality, focusing on the typical cases made by Japanese courts at all levels in the review of unconstitutionality. To analyze the causes of judicial negativism in the process of unconstitutional review in Japanese courts, through the introduction of specific methods of unconstitutional review, such as circumventing constitutional judgment, carrying out constitutionally qualified interpretation and making unconstitutional judgments, etc. It explains in detail how the Japanese courts carry out the unconstitutional review on the basis of the provisions of the Constitution and respect for the constitutional powers of the Diet and the Cabinet. In the last chapter, the author analyzes the main problems existing in the operation of Japan's unconstitutional review system, such as the negativism of judicial review. At the same time, the author puts forward the concrete reform thought in view of the existing problems. On the basis of this, combined with the theory and practice of Japan's unconstitutional review, this paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect and perfect our country's unconstitutional review system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D931.3;DD911
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 王靜;;對構(gòu)建全國人大違憲審查制度的思考[J];法制與社會;2011年07期
，本文編號：2223312
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