基于多學(xué)科視域的案件事實(shí)認(rèn)定邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)模型研究
[Abstract]:"What is the fact" is a perpetual mystery of philosophy, and "the fact" in judicature is the most difficult and difficult problem to be solved in judicial theory and practice. This paper tries to discuss the fact determination from the perspective of philosophical cognitive theory under the guidance of social epistemology constructivism theory, structuralism theory and practical philosophy holism. The logical structure model takes legal logic as the main line, and constructs a comprehensive logical structure model of fact determination from the perspective of logic, rhetoric, narratology, conversational theory and philosophy of science.
The process of case fact determination is a complex process of empirical inference, including logical reasoning, interpretation, rhetorical narration and dialogical argument. The process of logical reasoning of case fact determination includes the use of deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, reasonable reasoning and other forms of reasoning. It is determined by the nature of legal reasoning. Facing the process of determining the facts of a case in judicial practice, it is necessary to adopt informal logic method and integrate multi-disciplinary perspectives, to take into account all kinds of factors affecting the process of determining the facts of a case, so as to fully display the informal aspects of the reasoning process of determining the facts of a case, so as to fully reveal the judiciary. The multi-disciplinary cognitive process of fact-finding provides a model of case fact-finding which meets the actual needs for judicial practice.
Based on the above ideas, this paper firstly discusses the basic theories of factual cognizance model, facts, evidence and their relations, as well as constructivism and structuralist philosophy, and then discusses the process of factual construction described under various factual cognizance models, that is, evidence data, evidential facts, inferential facts, essential facts and case facts. This paper analyzes the process of the formation of evidential data as evidential facts and then constructs the facts of the case. Then, it uses these models to analyze the Deng Yujiao case and points out the limitations of various theoretical models. Among them, it discusses the deductive reasoning, categorized inductive reasoning and inductive reasoning of the connotation of the process of factual construction with the goal of constructing the general logical structure model of factual determination. The logical types of reasonable reasoning are analyzed, and the model diagram of its logical reasoning structure is analyzed; the relevant theories of hermeneutics are discussed with the aim of constructing the hermeneutic model of factual confirmation, the fusion process of hermeneutic horizons in factual construction and the hermeneutic cycle are analyzed; the goal is to construct the best interpretive reasoning model of factual confirmation, with emphasis on it. This paper discusses the theory of best interpretative reasoning (IBE) in philosophy of science and its application in the judicial field. It attempts to integrate the model of logical reasoning structure and the hermeneutic model of fact determination with the best interpretative reasoning theory (IBE) in philosophy of science, and to construct the IBE model structure of fact determination. The rhetorical narrative model discusses the "teleological" thinking of rhetoric, the "narrative" as an important model for understanding life, and the story model of case facts construction, the legal negotiation and dialogue theory, and the procedures and rules that must be followed in case facts determination, with the goal of constructing the model of dialogue and argument for the study of fact determination. Then.
Based on the construction of the above-mentioned model, this paper attempts to construct a comprehensive logical structure model of fact-finding. The model divides the identification of case facts into two logical stages: the first stage, the two parties construct their own stories according to the evidence, and attack each other's stories and their construction process. In the second stage, the court fact-finder chooses the confrontational story, chooses the most acceptable one, or rebuilds the new one by himself.
According to this comprehensive model of fact-finding, the litigants construct the case facts in the form of story-telling, while the fact-finders reconstruct the case facts through empirical inference. The essence of the model is linguistic rhetoric and interpretation: the interpretation and narrative mechanism of language make the court a place for the performance of human drama, and the historical facts of the case evolve in the "performance". In the dialogues and debates between the parties, the parties "fuse the foresight" of life experience, common sense and other tacit knowledge with the evidence data, and carry on the experience inference. In the whole scenarios, the argumentation procedure guarantees the evidence, the fact finding, the sacredness, justice, democracy and authority of the judiciary. And inspection standards.
In the end, the article reflects on how China's judicial reform can draw lessons from the practice of the two western legal systems, and compares the fact-finding model proposed in this paper with the latest fact-finding model, such as the collaborative fact-finding model and the system model, and looks forward to the further work of enriching the comprehensive model of fact-finding.
This paper breaks through the single disciplinary perspective of the past research on case fact determination, regards the logical reasoning process of case fact determination as a concrete practical process, studies it from a multi-disciplinary perspective, and establishes a model that can really explain the process of case fact determination in judicial practice. The fact finding in litigation provides theoretical basis for support or criticism, and provides theoretical support for the practice of China's judicial system reform, so it has certain application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:D90-051
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