關(guān)聯(lián)理論與法庭話語
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-27 15:37
【摘要】： 本文從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)角度對法庭語篇(Courtroom Discourse)進(jìn)行定性分析,運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)理論(Relevance Theory)的觀點(diǎn)分析并解釋法庭活動中的認(rèn)知過程。 法律語言學(xué)作為一門邊緣學(xué)科正逐漸吸引來自跨學(xué)科研究者們的注意。法庭語篇也成了研究者們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。Conley(1998),O'Barr(1998),Matoesian(1994)和Maley(1994)等人都將法庭語篇作為研究重點(diǎn)。他們更多地是從語用和社會的角度觀察研究法庭語篇。然而,很少有人從認(rèn)知的角度進(jìn)行研究。因此,本文嘗試運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)理論對法庭語篇從認(rèn)知的角度開展研究。 以Sperber和Wilson《關(guān)聯(lián)性:交際與認(rèn)知》(1986/1995)一書出版為標(biāo)志的關(guān)聯(lián)理論是語用學(xué)研究中出現(xiàn)的一個新理論,該理論從認(rèn)知角度在動態(tài)語境中研究交際中的會話含義。在此,筆者把藝術(shù)作品中的法庭會話作為碩士畢業(yè)論文的研究課題,闡明了關(guān)聯(lián)理論的交際觀在法庭話語理解中的作用,證實(shí)了關(guān)聯(lián)理論交際觀在法庭會話分析中的適用性和實(shí)用性。 “交際”這個概念是理解關(guān)聯(lián)理論的中心與前提。Sperber和Wilson在其著作中提出關(guān)聯(lián)理論的交際觀,強(qiáng)調(diào)代碼模式與推理模式的結(jié)合,指出交際是一個涉及信息意圖與交際意圖的明示—推理過程。從說話人角度來說,交際是一種明示過程,即把信息意圖明白地展示出來,而從聽話人角度來說,交際則是一個推理過程,即根據(jù)說話人的明示行為,結(jié)合語境假設(shè),求得語境效果,獲知說話人的交際意圖。關(guān)聯(lián)理論認(rèn)為交際是一種認(rèn)知活動,人們能否成功交際主要取決于交際過程中認(rèn)知環(huán)境是否能夠達(dá)到互明。認(rèn)知環(huán)境就是人們所知道的一系列事實(shí)或假設(shè)構(gòu)成的集合,而人們的認(rèn)知活動是以關(guān)聯(lián)為取向的。關(guān)聯(lián)是一個相對的概念,受話語具有的語境效果和話語理解所需的努力的共同制約,如果能夠以最小的處理努力獲得足夠的語境效果,那么話語就具有最佳關(guān)聯(lián)性。最佳關(guān)聯(lián)性是人們在話語交際中所期待得到的結(jié)果。而且,在交際中語境效果的獲得是獲取關(guān)聯(lián)性的必要條件。在交際中,聽話人必須結(jié)合語境對說話人的信息意圖與交際意圖進(jìn)行推理,形成話語交際目的的假設(shè)。在關(guān)聯(lián)理論中,語境通常被稱為“語境假設(shè)”,在語言的交際過程中起重要作用。 法庭審判所形成的法庭語篇為關(guān)聯(lián)理論的運(yùn)用提供了一個很好的操作平臺。律師機(jī)智的提問、證人的回答以及旁觀者的反應(yīng)都與認(rèn)知機(jī)制密不可分。據(jù)此,本文選擇關(guān)聯(lián)理論對法庭語篇進(jìn)行認(rèn)知分析。關(guān)聯(lián)理論運(yùn)用它的操作機(jī)制幫助我們認(rèn)識到法庭提問策略,為人們對法庭活動的認(rèn)知提供了理論依據(jù)。關(guān)聯(lián)理論與法庭語篇的結(jié)合為各自領(lǐng)域的研究都提供了新視角。所以,我們希望本文所做的嘗試能對法律語言學(xué)研究有所裨益。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a qualitative analysis of Courtroom Discourse from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and analyzes and interprets the cognitive process in court activities by using the view of Relevance Theory (Relevance Theory).
Legal linguistics, as an edge subject, is gradually attracting the attention of interdisciplinary researchers. Tribunal texts have also become the focus of researchers.Conley (1998), O'Barr (1998), Matoesian (1994), and Maley (1994) and others all regard the tribunal as the focus of the study. They are more from the perspective of pragmatics and society. However, few people do research from the perspective of cognition. Therefore, this paper attempts to apply relevance theory to the study of court discourse from a cognitive perspective.
The relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson<: communication and cognition (1986/1995) is a new theory in the study of pragmatics. This theory studies conversational implicature in the dynamic context from the cognitive perspective. It clarifies the role of Relevance Theory in the understanding of court discourse, and proves the applicability and practicability of relevance theory communication theory in court conversation analysis.
The concept of "communication" is the concept of communication in which the center and the premise of relevance theory and the premise.Sperber and Wilson put forward the relevance theory in his works. It emphasizes the combination of the code pattern and the reasoning model, and points out that communication is an ostensive inferential process involving the information intention and the communicative intention. From the point of view of the listener, communication is a reasoning process, that is, according to the speaker's ostensive behavior and the context hypothesis, the contextual effect is obtained and the speaker's communicative intention is obtained. The relevance theory holds that communication is a cognitive activity, and the success of communication depends mainly on communication. The cognitive environment is a set of facts or hypotheses that people know, and the cognitive activity is based on relevance. Relevance is a relative concept, the context effect and the effort required by the utterance are constrained by the context effect of the discourse, if it can be minimized. The best relevance is the result of what people expect in the communication of discourse. Moreover, the acquisition of contextual effects in communication is a necessary condition for obtaining relevance. In communication, the listener must combine the context and context to the speaker's information intention and communication. In the theory of relevance, context is usually called "context hypothesis", which plays an important role in the communication process of language.
Tribunal discourse formed by court trial provides a good operating platform for the application of relevance theory. Lawyers' witty questions, witnesses' answers and bystander responses are closely related to cognitive mechanisms. Accordingly, this paper selects the relevance theory to analyze the tribunal's discourse. The relevance theory helps me with its operating mechanism. We recognize that the tribunal's questioning strategy provides a theoretical basis for people to recognize the activities of the tribunal. The combination of relevance theory and tribunal text provides a new perspective for the research in their respective fields. So, we hope that the attempt of this article will be beneficial to the study of legal linguistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D90-055;H030
本文編號：2148293
[Abstract]:This paper makes a qualitative analysis of Courtroom Discourse from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and analyzes and interprets the cognitive process in court activities by using the view of Relevance Theory (Relevance Theory).
Legal linguistics, as an edge subject, is gradually attracting the attention of interdisciplinary researchers. Tribunal texts have also become the focus of researchers.Conley (1998), O'Barr (1998), Matoesian (1994), and Maley (1994) and others all regard the tribunal as the focus of the study. They are more from the perspective of pragmatics and society. However, few people do research from the perspective of cognition. Therefore, this paper attempts to apply relevance theory to the study of court discourse from a cognitive perspective.
The relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson<: communication and cognition (1986/1995) is a new theory in the study of pragmatics. This theory studies conversational implicature in the dynamic context from the cognitive perspective. It clarifies the role of Relevance Theory in the understanding of court discourse, and proves the applicability and practicability of relevance theory communication theory in court conversation analysis.
The concept of "communication" is the concept of communication in which the center and the premise of relevance theory and the premise.Sperber and Wilson put forward the relevance theory in his works. It emphasizes the combination of the code pattern and the reasoning model, and points out that communication is an ostensive inferential process involving the information intention and the communicative intention. From the point of view of the listener, communication is a reasoning process, that is, according to the speaker's ostensive behavior and the context hypothesis, the contextual effect is obtained and the speaker's communicative intention is obtained. The relevance theory holds that communication is a cognitive activity, and the success of communication depends mainly on communication. The cognitive environment is a set of facts or hypotheses that people know, and the cognitive activity is based on relevance. Relevance is a relative concept, the context effect and the effort required by the utterance are constrained by the context effect of the discourse, if it can be minimized. The best relevance is the result of what people expect in the communication of discourse. Moreover, the acquisition of contextual effects in communication is a necessary condition for obtaining relevance. In communication, the listener must combine the context and context to the speaker's information intention and communication. In the theory of relevance, context is usually called "context hypothesis", which plays an important role in the communication process of language.
Tribunal discourse formed by court trial provides a good operating platform for the application of relevance theory. Lawyers' witty questions, witnesses' answers and bystander responses are closely related to cognitive mechanisms. Accordingly, this paper selects the relevance theory to analyze the tribunal's discourse. The relevance theory helps me with its operating mechanism. We recognize that the tribunal's questioning strategy provides a theoretical basis for people to recognize the activities of the tribunal. The combination of relevance theory and tribunal text provides a new perspective for the research in their respective fields. So, we hope that the attempt of this article will be beneficial to the study of legal linguistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D90-055;H030
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
1 杜金榜;從法律語言的模糊性到司法結(jié)果的確定性[J];現(xiàn)代外語;2001年03期
2 呂萬英;《法庭問答及其互動研究》評介[J];現(xiàn)代外語;2005年02期
3 廖美珍;;中國法庭互動話語對應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)研究[J];語言科學(xué);2003年05期
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