【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟法以國家干預(yù)經(jīng)濟為重要表現(xiàn)特征，它與凱恩斯經(jīng)濟學(xué)增加有效需求以刺激經(jīng)濟增長的理論密切相關(guān)，故它以經(jīng)濟增長為目標(biāo)價值取向。但如果以憲政為角度對現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟法進(jìn)行重新審視，就可發(fā)現(xiàn)其價值目標(biāo)應(yīng)當(dāng)為正義原則，經(jīng)濟法的形成及運行應(yīng)當(dāng)符合經(jīng)濟憲政正義原則。 經(jīng)濟憲政正義原則的理論形成與自然法理論、經(jīng)濟憲政理論、布坎南憲政經(jīng)濟學(xué)以及羅爾斯正義論密切相關(guān)。自然法則的法律化即形成憲政，自然正義構(gòu)成憲政正義之維。經(jīng)濟憲政作為憲政的子系統(tǒng)，是憲政在經(jīng)濟法領(lǐng)域的展開，經(jīng)濟憲政與正義原則密不可分，正義原則是經(jīng)濟憲政的根本價值追求，經(jīng)濟憲政是正義原則的最佳實現(xiàn)形式。在經(jīng)濟立憲階段，布坎南的憲政經(jīng)濟學(xué)通過采用不確定之幕和運用經(jīng)濟學(xué)的決策成本比較，確立了參與性與“一致同意原則”為正義原則的先置程序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即程序正義。而實體正義則表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)濟憲政正義原則的具體內(nèi)容，羅爾斯正義二原則可資借鑒，它們是作為基礎(chǔ)的自由平等原則和作為補充的差別原則，其中差別原則是對機會公平平等原則的補充，它通過對機會公平平等原則所導(dǎo)致的階段性不平等進(jìn)行矯正，從而達(dá)至最終結(jié)果平等，所以平等是基礎(chǔ)。這幾項原則存在著優(yōu)先次序性，首先是自由平等原則的絕對優(yōu)先，這體現(xiàn)在政治生活領(lǐng)域里不容差別原則存在，其次是機會公平平等原則對差別原則的優(yōu)先，這體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟生活領(lǐng)域里可以容忍差別原則的存在，但它居于次要地位，其目標(biāo)也是為了達(dá)至最終結(jié)果平等。差別原則為經(jīng)濟法的國家干預(yù)與矯正提供了依據(jù)，同時也表明了國家干預(yù)與矯正的補充性地位。羅爾斯正義論還表明了自由相對平等的優(yōu)先性，自由是正義的核心，平等是自由的平等，國家干預(yù)經(jīng)濟所應(yīng)達(dá)到的平等最終是經(jīng)濟自由平等，這實際就是經(jīng)濟法所要保障的權(quán)利，因而，經(jīng)濟自由平等就是經(jīng)濟憲政正義原則的核心內(nèi)容和實質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為一項法律權(quán)利，經(jīng)濟憲政正義原則，即經(jīng)濟自由平等，具有靜態(tài)和動態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，其靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為公民的經(jīng)濟權(quán)利與政府經(jīng)濟權(quán)力之間所形成的經(jīng)濟法律關(guān)系，其動態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)濟法治的實現(xiàn)過程。 經(jīng)濟憲政正義原則必須化為具體的法律制度安排才能真正落到實處。正義原則的規(guī)范性為經(jīng)濟憲政的實現(xiàn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)，它首先要求憲法必須要能夠確保憲政正義；其次要使法律法規(guī)必須要符合正義原則和憲法精神。經(jīng)濟憲政還特別要求強化具體經(jīng)濟法律制度的設(shè)計。同時，，正義原則（即經(jīng)濟自由平等）在經(jīng)濟憲政中的制度構(gòu)建應(yīng)當(dāng)圍權(quán)利保障來進(jìn)行。不能發(fā)展的正義不是真正的正義，經(jīng)濟法治發(fā)展是檢驗正義原則發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)�！耙恢乱庖姟笔钦x原則發(fā)展的邏輯起點；而公民的參與性是正義原則發(fā)展的根本保障，如果通過對話或者妥協(xié)，滿足了其對立憲理念或立憲利益的需要，這種參與性將會形成“一致意見”；在沒有滿足參與性要求、或者沒有形成一致意見情形下，應(yīng)當(dāng)保留公共理性和司法審判作為正義原則發(fā)展的補償機制。 我國當(dāng)前諸種經(jīng)濟社會問題的根源在于經(jīng)濟違憲和背離正義，而違憲本質(zhì)上是對正義的偏離，因而解決這些問題要從糾正違憲著手以實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟憲政正義原則。針對各種違憲的成因，在經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域里應(yīng)通過提高立法民主化程度、規(guī)范行政執(zhí)法行為、強化司法程序、完善憲法解釋制度、健全法規(guī)備案制度、建立公共討論平臺等措施糾正違憲。 通過綜合布坎南的憲政經(jīng)濟學(xué)與羅爾斯正義論，經(jīng)濟憲政正義原則在立憲程序與實體內(nèi)容上提出一套相對完整、具有操作性的正義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并使之法律制度化，從而實現(xiàn)正義原則的自由平等價值與經(jīng)濟憲政的權(quán)利保障措施對接吻合，這對于以經(jīng)濟憲政滿足公民的參與愿望和意見表達(dá)，緩和乃至消除當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟社會的各種矛盾，從而實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟自由平等具有現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:The traditional economic law is an important manifestation of the state intervention in the economy. It is closely related to the theory that Keynes economics increases the effective demand to stimulate economic growth. Therefore, it takes economic growth as the target value orientation. But if the existing economic law is reexamined from the perspective of constitutionalism, it can be found that its value goal should be a just original. The formation and operation of economic law should conform to the principle of economic constitutionalism and justice.
The theoretical formation of the principle of economic constitutional justice is closely related to the theory of natural law, the theory of economic constitutionalism, the constitutional economics of Buchanan and the theory of justice of Rawls. The law of the law of nature forms constitutionalism, and the natural justice constitutes the dimension of constitutional justice. The principle of politics and justice is inseparable, the principle of justice is the fundamental value pursuit of economic constitutionalism, and economic constitutionalism is the best form of realizing justice. In the stage of economic constitutionalism, Buchanan's constitutional economics has established the justice of participation and the "consensus principle" as justice through the comparison of the decision cost of using the act of uncertainty and the use of economics. The first standard of the principle of principle is the procedural justice, and the substantive justice is the specific content of the principle of economic constitutional justice. The two principles of justice of Rawls can be used for reference. They are the principle of freedom and equality as the basis and the complementary principle of difference. The difference principle is the supplement to the principle of fair and equal opportunity, and it passes the opportunity. The principle of equality and equality leads to the correction of the stage inequality, thus reaching the equality of the final result, so equality is the basis. These principles have priority, first of all, the absolute priority of the principle of freedom and equality, which is reflected in the existence of the non tolerance in the field of political life, followed by the principle of equal opportunity and equality to the difference. The priority of principle is reflected in the existence of tolerance principle in the field of economic life, but it is in the secondary position, and its goal is to reach the final result. The difference principle provides the basis for the state intervention and correction of economic law, and it also shows the complementary status of the state's dry pre and correction. Rawls's justice theory also It shows that freedom is the priority of relative equality, freedom is the core of justice, equality is the equality of freedom, equality in the state of intervention in the economy is ultimately economic freedom and equality, which is the right to be guaranteed by economic law. Therefore, economic freedom and equality is the core and essential standard of the principle of economic constitutional and political justice. The legal right, the principle of economic constitutional justice, the economic freedom and equality, and the static and dynamic structural form, its static structure is the economic legal relationship between the economic rights of citizens and the economic power of the government, and its dynamic structure is manifested as the actual process of the economic rule of law.
The principle of economic constitutional justice must be transformed into a concrete legal system, which lays a foundation for the realization of economic constitutionalism. First, it requires that the constitution must be able to ensure constitutional justice; secondly, the laws and regulations must conform to the principle of positive meaning and the spirit of the constitution. It is required to strengthen the design of the specific economic legal system. At the same time, the principle of Justice (i.e., economic freedom and equality) should be carried out in the system of economic constitutionalism. The justice that can not be developed is not real justice. The development of the economic rule of law is the important criterion for the development of the principle of testing justice. "Consensus" is the development of the principle of justice. Logical starting point; and citizen participation is the fundamental guarantee for the development of the principle of justice. If a dialogue or compromise is made to satisfy the need for its constitutional ideas or constitutional interests, this participation will form a "consensus"; public reason should be retained without meeting the requirements of participation or having no consensus. And judicial adjudication as compensation mechanism for the development of justice principles.
The root of the current economic and social problems in our country lies in the unconstitutionality of the economy and the departure from the justice, and the violation of the constitution is essentially a deviation from the justice. Therefore, to solve these problems, the principle of economic constitutional justice should be realized by correcting the violation of the constitution. In view of the causes of various constitutionalism, the degree of democratization of the legislation should be improved and the administrative enforcement should be standardized in the economic field. Legal actions, strengthening judicial procedures, improving the system of constitutional interpretation, perfecting regulations and filing system, setting up public discussion platforms and other measures to correct violation of the constitution.
Through the synthesis of Buchanan's constitutional economics and the theory of Rawls justice, the principle of economic constitutional justice puts forward a set of relatively complete, operational justice standards and legal institutionalization in constitutional procedures and substantive contents, thus realizing the freedom and equality value of the principle of justice and the protection of the rights of economic constitutionalism. It is of practical significance to satisfy the desire and expression of citizens' participation by economic constitutionalism, to mitigate and even eliminate all kinds of contradictions in the current economic society, so as to realize economic freedom and equality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D90-052

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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