【摘要】：自歐洲移民把法治理念帶進(jìn)北美開始,經(jīng)過(guò)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的傳承發(fā)展,憲法至上與三權(quán)分立已成為美國(guó)自上而下的法律信仰,并體現(xiàn)在對(duì)外貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域從立法到執(zhí)法再到守法這一連貫機(jī)制的法治成就上。美國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易法的制度與實(shí)踐直接影響著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)及全球貿(mào)易制度的內(nèi)容及其發(fā)展,具有重要的法治意義。就立法階段而言,美國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易立法權(quán)的授予具有憲政基礎(chǔ),立法權(quán)的行使程序具有明確的法律依據(jù),立法形式科學(xué)、內(nèi)容完備。但由于近年來(lái)為了在國(guó)際上維護(hù)霸權(quán)地位和受國(guó)內(nèi)政治與利益集團(tuán)的制約,美國(guó)將貿(mào)易法作為政治工具推行單邊主義,削弱了外貿(mào)立法的法治優(yōu)勢(shì)。就執(zhí)法階段而言,美國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)職責(zé)明確,權(quán)力分工相互制約,執(zhí)法程序完備且具正當(dāng)性,有利于美國(guó)外貿(mào)執(zhí)法法治的實(shí)現(xiàn)。同時(shí)基于經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興的需要,美國(guó)外貿(mào)執(zhí)法中也存在濫用自由裁量、司法審查受局限、執(zhí)法主體法治素質(zhì)差異大等漏洞。就守法階段而言,法律賦予的外貿(mào)各方當(dāng)事人平等訴訟權(quán),以及各種守法促進(jìn)制度,是外貿(mào)守法法治建設(shè)的重要成就,同時(shí)也存在諸如模糊性規(guī)則和霸權(quán)性條款,以及有差別的守法主體法定權(quán)利義務(wù)等違背公平平等原則的現(xiàn)象。相較美國(guó)外貿(mào)法治建設(shè)的成就與不足,我國(guó)外貿(mào)領(lǐng)域存在諸多問(wèn)題,可以通過(guò)借鑒美國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn),完善對(duì)外貿(mào)易立法制度,強(qiáng)化對(duì)外貿(mào)易執(zhí)法法治建設(shè),培育對(duì)外貿(mào)易守法機(jī)制的社會(huì)根基,以努力完善我國(guó)的外貿(mào)法制與實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)外貿(mào)法治秩序。
[Abstract]:Since European immigrants brought the concept of the rule of law into North America, through the inheritance and development of the War of Independence, constitutional supremacy and separation of powers have become the top-down legal beliefs of the United States. And embodies in the foreign trade field from the legislation to the law enforcement to the law-abiding this consistent mechanism's rule of law achievement. The system and practice of American foreign trade law directly affect the content and development of global economy and global trade system. As far as the legislative stage is concerned, the granting of the legislative power of foreign trade in the United States has constitutional foundation, the procedure of exercising the legislative power has a clear legal basis, the form of legislation is scientific and the content is complete. However, in recent years, in order to maintain the hegemonic position in the world and be restricted by domestic politics and interest groups, the United States uses trade law as a political tool to promote unilateralism, which weakens the advantage of rule of law in foreign trade legislation. In the law enforcement stage, American foreign trade enforcement agencies have clear responsibilities, the division of power restricts each other, and the law enforcement procedures are complete and legitimate, which is conducive to the realization of the rule of law in foreign trade law enforcement in the United States. At the same time, due to the need of economic rejuvenation, there are also loopholes in American foreign trade law enforcement, such as abuse of discretion, limited judicial review and wide differences in the quality of the law enforcement subject. As far as the law-abiding stage is concerned, the equal right of litigation granted by the law to the parties to foreign trade, as well as all kinds of law-abiding promotion systems, are important achievements in the construction of law-abiding rule of law in foreign trade. At the same time, there are also vague rules and hegemonic provisions. And the legal rights and obligations of different law-abiding subjects and other violations of the principle of equality. Compared with the achievements and deficiencies in the construction of the rule of law in foreign trade in the United States, there are many problems in the field of foreign trade in China. To cultivate the social foundation of the law-abiding mechanism of foreign trade in order to perfect the legal system of foreign trade and realize the order of the rule of law in China's foreign trade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.29

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