發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-21 14:26

【摘要】： 民族鄉(xiāng)制度是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在長(zhǎng)期的革命和建設(shè)的實(shí)踐中提煉和總結(jié)出來(lái)的,是結(jié)合中國(guó)民族情況解決民族問(wèn)題的一個(gè)創(chuàng)舉。民族鄉(xiāng)制度的創(chuàng)立無(wú)論是在理論上還是在實(shí)踐中,都具有十分重要的意義,無(wú)論是對(duì)于現(xiàn)在還是將來(lái)民族問(wèn)題的解決都具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和深遠(yuǎn)的歷史意義。民族鄉(xiāng)制度有一個(gè)產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、成熟的過(guò)程,這其中也有過(guò)曲折和倒退。 由于同屬對(duì)少數(shù)民族權(quán)利的保障,民族鄉(xiāng)制度與民族區(qū)域自治制度存在共性的一面。首先,民族平等是保障民族鄉(xiāng)少數(shù)民族權(quán)益的前提。馬克思主義的民族理論和中國(guó)革命和建設(shè)的實(shí)踐告訴我們,民族平等始終是處理民族矛盾、制定民族政策和法律必須首先堅(jiān)持的原則。其次,民族發(fā)展是保障少數(shù)民族權(quán)益的核心。因?yàn)樯鏅?quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)是一切人權(quán)存在的基礎(chǔ),民族鄉(xiāng)制度首要和核心任務(wù)必然也是保障民族鄉(xiāng)少數(shù)民族人們生存與發(fā)展的權(quán)益。再次,各民族共同繁榮是民族鄉(xiāng)制度的目標(biāo)。各民族共同繁榮是維護(hù)我國(guó)多民族大家庭生存和發(fā)展的必然選擇,散居少數(shù)民族作為中華民族的組成部分,必須樹(shù)立共同繁榮的目標(biāo)。最后,民族問(wèn)題在我國(guó)必須采取特殊手段。這是我國(guó)多民族的現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情所決定的,也是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)正義的根本要求。盡管民族鄉(xiāng)制度和民族區(qū)域自治制度在基本原則上存在著共性,但同時(shí)我們不能不看到,僅靠民族區(qū)域自治制度在當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下已經(jīng)難以全面處理民族問(wèn)題,完善民族鄉(xiāng)制度以保障其少數(shù)民族成員的權(quán)益絕非僅僅是某幾個(gè)區(qū)域、某幾個(gè)民族成員或某幾個(gè)民族的個(gè)別問(wèn)題。我們?nèi)绻荒芎芎玫亟鉀Q當(dāng)前存在的困難和問(wèn)題,就不可能進(jìn)一步完善民族鄉(xiāng)制度。 當(dāng)前民族鄉(xiāng)制度的作用還未能充分地發(fā)揮出來(lái),民族鄉(xiāng)制度的意義還未能夠得到應(yīng)有的認(rèn)識(shí)。本文作者本著辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)和方法,以國(guó)內(nèi)外既有的研究成果、相關(guān)學(xué)科的理論觀點(diǎn)為基礎(chǔ),借鑒和吸收我國(guó)民族鄉(xiāng)法制建設(shè)的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn),試圖通過(guò)民族法學(xué)界對(duì)于民族鄉(xiāng)概念的認(rèn)識(shí)入手,具體分析民族鄉(xiāng)的性質(zhì)、法律內(nèi)涵、作用、意義,并在此基礎(chǔ)之上進(jìn)一步深究民族鄉(xiāng)法制化治理的必要性的正當(dāng)合法的理論依據(jù),接著通過(guò)民族鄉(xiāng)建立和發(fā)展的歷史回顧和民族鄉(xiāng)法制化進(jìn)程的現(xiàn)狀分析,反思民族鄉(xiāng)法制化建設(shè)中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和值得借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn),并進(jìn)而提出具體的改進(jìn)措施和對(duì)未來(lái)的發(fā)展展望等。希望能拋磚引玉,引起社會(huì)各界的重視,為推進(jìn)民族鄉(xiāng)法制化的不斷完善而共同努力。 但是礙于本人寫(xiě)作水平有限、專(zhuān)業(yè)理論功底不足、實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)缺乏等因素,能否達(dá)到上述寫(xiě)作目的,文中觀點(diǎn)是否妥當(dāng),敬請(qǐng)各位專(zhuān)家學(xué)者給予批評(píng)指正,以期使該論文日臻完善
[Abstract]:The system of nationality townships is abstracted and summed up by the Communist Party of China in the practice of revolution and construction for a long time, and it is a pioneering undertaking to solve ethnic problems in the light of the national conditions in China. The establishment of nationality township system is of great significance both in theory and in practice, and is of great practical and far-reaching significance to the solution of ethnic problems now and in the future. There is a process of birth, development and maturity in the system of nationality townships, among which there have been twists and turns. Because of the protection of minority rights, the system of ethnic townships and ethnic regional autonomy has one side in common. First of all, ethnic equality is the premise of safeguarding minority rights and interests in ethnic townships. Marxist national theory and the practice of Chinese revolution and construction tell us that ethnic equality is always the principle to deal with ethnic contradictions and to formulate national policies and laws. Second, ethnic development is the core of protecting minority rights and interests. Because the right to exist and the right to development are the basis of the existence of all human rights, the first and core task of the nationality township system must also be to ensure the rights and interests of the minority people in the nationality townships for survival and development. Third, the common prosperity of all ethnic groups is the goal of national township system. The common prosperity of all ethnic groups is the inevitable choice to maintain the survival and development of the multi-ethnic family in our country. As a part of the Chinese nation, the scattered minority nationalities must set up the goal of common prosperity. Finally, ethnic problems in our country must take special means. This is determined by the national conditions of our country and the fundamental requirement of social justice. Although there are similarities in basic principles between the system of ethnic townships and the system of regional national autonomy, at the same time, we cannot help but realize that it is already difficult to comprehensively deal with ethnic problems under the current situation by relying solely on the system of regional national autonomy. Perfecting the system of ethnic townships to protect the rights and interests of minority members is not just a few regions, some ethnic members or a few ethnic groups of individual problems. If we can not solve the current difficulties and problems, we will not be able to further improve the national township system. At present, the function of the national township system has not been brought into full play, and the significance of the nationality township system has not been fully recognized. From the standpoint of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the author takes the existing research results at home and abroad and the theoretical viewpoints of relevant disciplines as the basis to draw lessons from and absorb the historical experience of the legal system construction of ethnic townships in China. This paper attempts to analyze the nature, legal connotation, function and significance of nationality townships through the understanding of the concept of nationality townships in the field of national law. On the basis of this, it further explores the legitimate and legal theoretical basis for the necessity of the legalization and governance of nationality townships, and then through the historical review of the establishment and development of nationality townships and the analysis of the present situation of the legalization process of nationality townships, This paper reflects on the challenges and experiences to be used for reference in the construction of legalization of nationality townships, and then puts forward concrete improvement measures and prospects for future development. We hope to draw the attention of all walks of life and make joint efforts to improve the legalization of nationality townships. However, due to my limited writing level, lack of professional theory, lack of practical experience and other factors, whether the above writing objectives can be achieved or not, I ask experts and scholars to give criticism and correction, in order to improve the paper day by day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0

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