意大利憲法法院制度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-15 20:24
【摘要】： 憲法是國(guó)家的根本大法,是人民權(quán)利的保障書(shū)。隨著立憲主義的興起,世界各國(guó)基本都制定了憲法文本,但是,各國(guó)憲法的實(shí)施情況卻大相徑庭。憲法效力的發(fā)揮除了依賴(lài)人們的自覺(jué)遵守以外,更重要的是建立完備的憲法保障機(jī)制。意大利正是通過(guò)憲法法院制度推進(jìn)了憲法所確立的民主、法治、人權(quán)等核心價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)。意大利憲法法院在五十多年的運(yùn)作中,表現(xiàn)出了勃勃生機(jī),對(duì)意大利的憲政建設(shè)做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。 本文從憲法法院形成的歷史背景、憲法法院的制度內(nèi)容以及實(shí)踐價(jià)值等三個(gè)方面對(duì)意大利憲法法院制度進(jìn)行研究。首先,從歷史角度分析了意大利憲法法院的確立與發(fā)展的歷程;其次,從制度角度分析了意大利憲法法院的性質(zhì)、組織、管轄權(quán)范圍以及審理制度和決定的種類(lèi);最后,從實(shí)踐角度總結(jié)了意大利憲法法院在意大利憲政建設(shè)中做出的貢獻(xiàn)。 第一章闡釋了憲法法院制度產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的歷程。意大利憲法法院制度是在結(jié)束了法西斯長(zhǎng)達(dá)二十年專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治的歷史背景下建立的,并且吸收了原有的“形式性違憲審查”(Il controllo di procedura di costituzionalità)的部分內(nèi)容。憲法法院從確立至今主要經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)發(fā)展階段。 第二章分析了憲法法院的性質(zhì),對(duì)憲法法院的組織體系進(jìn)行了評(píng)述。意大利突破了傳統(tǒng)的三權(quán)分立體制,建立了獨(dú)立于立法機(jī)關(guān)、司法機(jī)關(guān)、行政機(jī)關(guān)之外的第四種國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)——憲法法院。它實(shí)質(zhì)是憲法的保障機(jī)關(guān)和審判機(jī)關(guān)。憲法法院與其他國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)之間既相互制約又相互協(xié)作。意大利憲法法院實(shí)行的是以法官為中心的組織模式。通過(guò)復(fù)雜的法官選舉程序和嚴(yán)格的法官選擇條件,使得憲法法院的法官有能力承擔(dān)憲法價(jià)值判斷的重任。憲法法院的院長(zhǎng)同樣扮演著重要的角色,他對(duì)外代表憲法法院,對(duì)內(nèi)組織和管理法院的工作。 第三章述評(píng)了憲法法院的管轄權(quán)范圍。憲法法院的管轄權(quán)包括對(duì)法律、法規(guī)的違憲審查權(quán);對(duì)國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)之間、國(guó)家和地方以及地方與地方之間權(quán)限沖突的審判權(quán);對(duì)共和國(guó)總統(tǒng)犯叛國(guó)罪和危害憲法罪的刑事審判權(quán);對(duì)是否舉行全民公投的決定權(quán)。 第四章闡釋了憲法法院的審理制度以及決定的種類(lèi)。意大利憲法法院主要的審理制度包括:案件報(bào)告人制度、公開(kāi)聽(tīng)證制度、秘密審議制度和主動(dòng)調(diào)查取證制度。法院的決定分為裁定和判決兩種,前者是程序性質(zhì)的決定,后者是實(shí)質(zhì)性質(zhì)的決定。其中判決分為違憲判決、駁回判決、解釋性判決和調(diào)整性判決四種。每種決定都發(fā)揮著各自的功效。 第五章從實(shí)踐角度總結(jié)了憲法法院對(duì)意大利憲政建設(shè)所做的貢獻(xiàn)。憲法法院促進(jìn)了國(guó)家法治目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn),有效的保障了公民的基本權(quán)利。
[Abstract]:Constitution is the fundamental law of the country and the guarantee of the people's rights. With the rise of constitutionalism, countries in the world have basically formulated constitutional texts, but the implementation of constitutions varies greatly. In addition to relying on people's conscious compliance, it is more important to establish a complete constitutional guarantee mechanism. It is through the constitutional court system that Italy promotes the realization of the core values of democracy, rule of law and human rights established by the Constitution. The Italian Constitutional Court has made an indelible contribution to the constitutional construction of Italy during its operation for more than 50 years. This paper studies the Italian Constitutional Court system from three aspects: the historical background of the formation of the Constitutional Court, the content of the Constitutional Court system and the practical value. First, it analyzes the history of the establishment and development of the Italian Constitutional Court; secondly, it analyzes the nature, organization, jurisdiction and the types of trial system and decision of the Italian Constitutional Court from the perspective of the system. From the angle of practice, the contribution of Italian Constitutional Court in the construction of Italian constitutionalism is summarized. The first chapter explains the process of the emergence and development of the Constitutional Court system. The Italian Constitutional Court system was established under the historical background of the end of fascist autocracy for 20 years, and absorbed part of the original "Il controllo di procedura di costituzionalit 脿". Since its establishment, the Constitutional Court has mainly experienced three stages of development. The second chapter analyzes the nature of the Constitutional Court and comments on the organization system of the Constitutional Court. Italy broke through the traditional system of separation of powers and established the fourth kind of state authority, the Constitutional Court, which is independent of the legislature, the judiciary and the executive. In essence, it is the safeguard organ of the constitution and the judicial organ. The Constitutional Court and other State institutions both restrict and cooperate with each other. The Italian Constitutional Court has adopted an organizational model centered on judges. Through the complicated procedure of selecting judges and the strict conditions of judge selection, the judges of the Constitutional Court have the ability to take on the important task of judging the constitutional value. The President of the Constitutional Court also plays an important role, representing the Court and organising and administering its work internally. The third chapter reviews the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court. The jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court includes the power to review unconstitutionality of laws and regulations, the jurisdiction over conflicts of authority between state authorities, between the state and the local authorities, and between local and local authorities; Criminal jurisdiction over the President of the Republic for treason and crimes against the Constitution; decision on the holding of a referendum. Chapter four explains the trial system and the types of decisions of the Constitutional Court. The main hearing systems of the Italian Constitutional Court include: case reportage system, public hearing system, secret deliberation system and active investigation and evidence collection system. The court's decision can be divided into two types: the former is a procedural decision and the latter is a substantive decision. The judgment is divided into four kinds: unconstitutional judgment, rejection judgment, interpretive judgment and adjusting judgment. Each decision has its own effect. The fifth chapter summarizes the contribution of the Constitutional Court to the construction of Italy's constitutionalism from the point of view of practice. The Constitutional Court promotes the realization of the goal of national rule of law and effectively protects the basic rights of citizens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D954.6;DD911
本文編號(hào)：2125280
[Abstract]:Constitution is the fundamental law of the country and the guarantee of the people's rights. With the rise of constitutionalism, countries in the world have basically formulated constitutional texts, but the implementation of constitutions varies greatly. In addition to relying on people's conscious compliance, it is more important to establish a complete constitutional guarantee mechanism. It is through the constitutional court system that Italy promotes the realization of the core values of democracy, rule of law and human rights established by the Constitution. The Italian Constitutional Court has made an indelible contribution to the constitutional construction of Italy during its operation for more than 50 years. This paper studies the Italian Constitutional Court system from three aspects: the historical background of the formation of the Constitutional Court, the content of the Constitutional Court system and the practical value. First, it analyzes the history of the establishment and development of the Italian Constitutional Court; secondly, it analyzes the nature, organization, jurisdiction and the types of trial system and decision of the Italian Constitutional Court from the perspective of the system. From the angle of practice, the contribution of Italian Constitutional Court in the construction of Italian constitutionalism is summarized. The first chapter explains the process of the emergence and development of the Constitutional Court system. The Italian Constitutional Court system was established under the historical background of the end of fascist autocracy for 20 years, and absorbed part of the original "Il controllo di procedura di costituzionalit 脿". Since its establishment, the Constitutional Court has mainly experienced three stages of development. The second chapter analyzes the nature of the Constitutional Court and comments on the organization system of the Constitutional Court. Italy broke through the traditional system of separation of powers and established the fourth kind of state authority, the Constitutional Court, which is independent of the legislature, the judiciary and the executive. In essence, it is the safeguard organ of the constitution and the judicial organ. The Constitutional Court and other State institutions both restrict and cooperate with each other. The Italian Constitutional Court has adopted an organizational model centered on judges. Through the complicated procedure of selecting judges and the strict conditions of judge selection, the judges of the Constitutional Court have the ability to take on the important task of judging the constitutional value. The President of the Constitutional Court also plays an important role, representing the Court and organising and administering its work internally. The third chapter reviews the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court. The jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court includes the power to review unconstitutionality of laws and regulations, the jurisdiction over conflicts of authority between state authorities, between the state and the local authorities, and between local and local authorities; Criminal jurisdiction over the President of the Republic for treason and crimes against the Constitution; decision on the holding of a referendum. Chapter four explains the trial system and the types of decisions of the Constitutional Court. The main hearing systems of the Italian Constitutional Court include: case reportage system, public hearing system, secret deliberation system and active investigation and evidence collection system. The court's decision can be divided into two types: the former is a procedural decision and the latter is a substantive decision. The judgment is divided into four kinds: unconstitutional judgment, rejection judgment, interpretive judgment and adjusting judgment. Each decision has its own effect. The fifth chapter summarizes the contribution of the Constitutional Court to the construction of Italy's constitutionalism from the point of view of practice. The Constitutional Court promotes the realization of the goal of national rule of law and effectively protects the basic rights of citizens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D954.6;DD911
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