本文選題：道德法律化 + 法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)　； 參考：《中南民族大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 道德的法律化是道德與法律關(guān)系中的一個基本問題,已有的研究成果極少用法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法對其進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析。筆者以法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論為基礎(chǔ)來分析道德法律化這樣一個法理學(xué)命題,試圖在一個不同的視角下,對道德法律化得到更為清晰和理性的認(rèn)識。 第一部分考察道德法律化的概念。通過介紹道德法律化概念的代表性觀點,嘗試將道德法律化界定為:道德法律化是國家在立法、執(zhí)法和司法的過程中,將一定的道德規(guī)范、道德理念上升為法律規(guī)范或使之具有法律效力的活動。其中道德立法既是道德法律化的重點,也是道德法律化的核心。 第二部分對道德法律化的合理性進(jìn)行法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析。運用經(jīng)濟(jì)人理論進(jìn)行分析,提出道德法律化的主體條件是理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人。在確定這個前提后我們方能在具體的道德法律化制度設(shè)計中通過有針對性的加大理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人道德失范行為所承擔(dān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和社會責(zé)任,來影響理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人的行為選擇,改善道德失范的社會現(xiàn)狀。運用市場失靈理論分析在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下所產(chǎn)生的道德滑坡,尤其是企業(yè)、行業(yè)道德的滑坡具有客觀必然性。道德滑坡恰好為道德法律化提供了現(xiàn)實依據(jù)。運用機(jī)會主義、委托代理理論解析道德風(fēng)險,尤其是政治道德風(fēng)險在現(xiàn)今政治體制下頻繁出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)在緣由,提出道德法律化為解決這一問題提供了有效的約束機(jī)制。 第三部分對道德法律化的有限性進(jìn)行法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析。一方面,運用資源稀缺性理論和成本效益理論闡釋道德立法的限度,提出在道德法律化過程中必須立足于立法資源的稀缺性,注重成本收益分析,從而明確道德立法是否進(jìn)行,何時進(jìn)行,防止出現(xiàn)因盲目立法而造成的立法資源浪費和社會成本的無效用耗費。另一方面,運用博弈理論對法律化的道德進(jìn)行限定,指出:只有基本社會道德、涉及人的行為層面的客觀道德,同時其本身又是有利于人類生存和發(fā)展的道德才能法律化,避免出現(xiàn)所有道德法律化的錯誤傾向。 雖然本文對道德法律化的法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析以道德立法為重點,但是在法律實施的執(zhí)法與司法環(huán)節(jié)中,同樣有著道德法律化合理性與有限性的存在,結(jié)語部分對此作了簡單論述。
[Abstract]:The legalization of morality is a basic problem in the relationship between morality and law. On the basis of the theory of law and economics, the author analyzes the legalization of morality as a legal proposition and tries to get a clearer and more rational understanding of the legalization of morality from a different angle of view. The first part examines the concept of moral legalization. By introducing the representative viewpoint of the concept of moral legalization, this paper attempts to define moral legalization as the following: in the process of legislation, law enforcement and administration of justice, a certain moral standard is defined as the legalization of morality. The moral idea rises to the legal norm or makes it have the legal effect the activity. The moral legislation is not only the focus of moral legalization, but also the core of moral legalization. The second part analyzes the rationality of moral legalization. By using the theory of economic man, the author puts forward that the subject condition of moral legalization is rational economic man. After this premise is determined, we can influence the rational economic man's behavior choice by increasing the economic loss and social responsibility of the rational economic man's moral anomie behavior in the specific moral legalization system design. To improve the social situation of moral anomie. It is necessary to apply the theory of market failure to analyze the moral decline in market economy, especially in enterprises and industries. The moral decline provides a realistic basis for the legalization of morality. By means of opportunism and principal-agent theory, this paper analyzes moral hazard, especially the internal cause of the frequent emergence of political moral hazard under the present political system, and puts forward that moral legalization provides an effective restraint mechanism to solve this problem. The third part analyzes the limitation of moral legalization. On the one hand, using the theory of scarcity of resources and the theory of cost-effectiveness to explain the limits of moral legislation, the author points out that in the process of moral legalization, we must base ourselves on the scarcity of legislative resources, pay attention to cost-benefit analysis, and then make clear whether moral legislation is carried out or not. When to proceed, to prevent the waste of legislative resources caused by blind legislation and the inefficient consumption of social costs. On the other hand, the game theory is used to limit the legalization of morality. It points out that only the basic social morality, which involves the objective morality of human behavior, can be legalized only when it is beneficial to the survival and development of human beings. Avoid all false tendencies towards the legalization of morality. Although this article focuses on moral legislation in the legal and economic analysis of moral legalization, the rationality and limitation of moral legalization also exist in the law enforcement and judicial links, and the conclusion part briefly discusses this.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D90-059

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