本文選題：勞役刑 + 徒刑�。� 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 中國(guó)古代的勞役刑以徒刑為代表,隋朝以后的流刑也規(guī)定先執(zhí)行一定期限的勞役刑。根據(jù)現(xiàn)有史料,徒刑萌芽于商周時(shí)期,后世不斷得到發(fā)展;流刑的發(fā)展可分為兩個(gè)大的階段,夏商時(shí)的流刑是對(duì)罪人逐出所在群體,這種懲罰源自原始社會(huì)后期,自然談不上勞役刑問題。南北朝以后逐漸興起的流刑與此不同,是將罪犯遷出原居住地,或在遷后地服一定期限勞役。筆者認(rèn)為,我國(guó)古代勞役刑的發(fā)展過程大致可以分為五個(gè)階段,夏商周三代為第一個(gè)階段,這一時(shí)期,勞役刑在刑罰體系中的地位和作用遠(yuǎn)不及肉刑;戰(zhàn)國(guó)至西漢前期為第二個(gè)階段,這一階段,勞役刑往往伴隨著肉刑,各等級(jí)的輕重程度往往與肉刑的輕重相對(duì)應(yīng);第三個(gè)階段是西漢中期以后到隋以前,這個(gè)階段是勞役刑制度逐漸完善的時(shí)期。漢文帝刑制改革以后,肉刑基本被廢除,勞役刑適用范圍得到擴(kuò)大而且勞役刑由無期變?yōu)橛衅�。南北朝時(shí)期,流刑和徒刑進(jìn)入法典,為封建制五刑的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ);第四個(gè)階段是隋唐至清末變法修律之前,隋唐時(shí)封建制五刑正式形成,徒刑與流刑在刑罰體系中占據(jù)了重要地位,這種狀況一直延續(xù)至清末。清末修律以后為第五個(gè)階段,清末變法修律過程中,勞役刑走向終結(jié)并為自由刑所取代,也正是在這個(gè)過程中,中國(guó)的監(jiān)獄實(shí)現(xiàn)了近代化。本文的研究正是沿著上述歷史進(jìn)程而展開的。 本文包括引言、正文、結(jié)論三部分。 引言對(duì)法律史學(xué)界的研究成果作了介紹,說明了本文的研究對(duì)象、研究方法及研究思路。 本文正文分為五章。第一章從總體上論述中國(guó)古代的勞役刑,對(duì)我國(guó)古代勞役刑的演變、勞役刑執(zhí)行制度的特征及第二至第四章的線索作了簡(jiǎn)要說明。第二章探討秦漢至南北朝的勞役刑執(zhí)行制度,借助于傳世文獻(xiàn)和出土文物資料對(duì)秦漢時(shí)期的勞役種類、勞役犯人的管理制度以及漢文帝刑制改革作了探討,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于魏晉南北朝勞役刑的資料對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的徒刑與流刑給予介紹。第三章探討唐宋的勞役刑執(zhí)行制度,首先根據(jù)《唐律疏議》、唐《獄官令》、《舊唐書·刑法志》、《新唐書·刑法志》等資料對(duì)唐代徒刑和流刑的執(zhí)行制度進(jìn)行了探討,然后對(duì)宋代刑罰體系中的勞役刑進(jìn)行了說明并重點(diǎn)對(duì)配隸制度、編管法、圜土制度給予介紹。第四章探討明清的勞役刑執(zhí)行制度,先對(duì)明朝的以役代刑規(guī)定進(jìn)行了介紹,繼而考察了明代勞役的種類及勞役場(chǎng)所,又對(duì)明代的充軍刑給予專門介紹,關(guān)于清代的勞役刑本文重點(diǎn)介紹了發(fā)遣刑,因?yàn)檫@是清代特有的一種刑罰。第五章研究清末監(jiān)獄的近代化及自由刑的確立,對(duì)清末勞役刑被廢的背景、起因與經(jīng)過進(jìn)行了探討,勞役刑的被廢與監(jiān)獄近代化是同一過程,研究勞役刑的終結(jié)就必然涉及監(jiān)獄近代化問題,勞役刑在司法實(shí)踐中走向終結(jié)之后清廷最終在實(shí)體法上確立了自由刑,至此,傳統(tǒng)的勞役刑徹底退出了歷史舞臺(tái)。 結(jié)論部分筆者對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)并談了個(gè)人的幾點(diǎn)淺見供學(xué)界師友批評(píng)參考。
[Abstract]:The ancient Chinese criminal punishment was represented by imprisonment, and the punishment after the Sui Dynasty was also prescribed for a certain period of labour punishment. According to the existing historical data, the imprisonment was sprouted in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the later generations continued to develop; the development of the exile could be divided into two major stages, and the punishment of the Xia Shang Dynasty was a group of the sinners, which originated from the primitive society. In the later period of the meeting, the question of labor punishment is not a matter of nature. The gradual rise in the northern and Southern Dynasties is different from this, which is to move the criminal out of the original place of residence, or to serve a certain period of service in a certain period of time. The author thinks that the development process of the ancient labor punishment in our country can be divided into five stages, the Xia Shang Dynasty is the first stage on Wednesday, and the labor punishment is in the period of this period. The position and function of the penalty system is far less than the meat punishment; the period of the Warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty is second stages. In this stage, the labour punishment is often accompanied by meat punishment. The degree of the grade is often corresponding to the seriousness of the meat punishment; the third stage is the period after the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, and this stage is a period of gradual perfection of the system of labour punishment. After the reform of the emperor's punishment system, the meat punishment was basically abolished, the scope of application of labour punishment was expanded and the labour punishment was changed from time to time. In the period of the northern and Southern Dynasties, the flow of punishment and imprisonment entered the code, which laid the foundation for the formation of the feudal five sentences; the fourth stage was the formal formation of the five sentences in Sui and Tang Dynasties and the imprisonment and imprisonment in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The flow of punishment occupies an important position in the penalty system. This situation has been extended to the end of the Qing Dynasty. After the late Qing Dynasty, the fifth stages of the period of the period of the period of the Qing Dynasty, during the late Qing Dynasty, the labor punishment was terminated and replaced by the free punishment. It was in this process that the Chinese prison had been modernized. And unfolded.
This article includes the introduction, the text, and the conclusion of the three part.
The introduction introduces the research results of legal historians, and illustrates the research objects, research methods and research ideas.
The text of this article is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the labor punishment in ancient China in general, and gives a brief description of the evolution of the ancient labor punishment in China, the characteristics of the execution system of labour punishment and the clues of the two to fourth chapters. The second chapter discusses the execution system of the labour punishment in the Qin and Han Dynasties to the north and the South Dynasties, and by the use of the literature and the unearthed cultural relics of the Qin and Han Dynasties. The types of labor in the period, the management system of the criminal prisoners and the reform of the emperor's penal system were discussed. According to the existing information about the labor punishment in the Wei, Jin, and the northern and Southern Dynasties, the third chapters discussed the execution system of the penal service in the Tang and Song dynasties. The documents of Tang Dynasty, criminal law and so on, discussed the execution system of the Tang Dynasty and the execution of the punishment, and then explained the labor punishment in the penalty system in the Song Dynasty and introduced the system, the method of editing and the circular soil. The fourth chapter discussed the execution system of the labour punishment in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and introduced the provisions of the service of the Ming Dynasty. The type of labour service in the Ming Dynasty and the place of servitude were investigated, and the punishment of the Ming Dynasty was given a special introduction to the punishment of the Qing Dynasty. This is a special punishment in the Qing Dynasty. The fifth chapter studies the modernization of the prison in the late Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the free punishment, the background of the abolition of the criminal punishment in the late Qing Dynasty, the cause and the past. It is the same process that the abolition of labour punishment and the modernization of the prison is the same process. The end of the study of labour punishment inevitably involves the problem of prison modernization. After the end of labour punishment in judicial practice, the Qing court finally established the free punishment in the substantive law. At this point, the traditional labour punishment completely withdrew from the historical stage.
The conclusion part briefly summarizes the full text and talks about some personal opinions for reference by academic friends.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D924.1

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