本文選題：法律淵源 + 習(xí)慣　； 參考：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，，中國理論界對(duì)習(xí)慣的研究成果頗多，然而，大部分學(xué)者關(guān)于習(xí)慣的研究均停留在對(duì)民事習(xí)慣、少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣的研究上，而忽視了對(duì)其在整個(gè)法律體系中地位的研究。我國的立法和司法雖都承認(rèn)習(xí)慣，但其法律淵源地位并不明確。從實(shí)踐上來講，習(xí)慣作為法律淵源的地位不容忽視。關(guān)于習(xí)慣的法源地位研究不但有助于我們正確認(rèn)識(shí)法律淵源的界定，而且有利于我們更深入的理解法治的意義。 本文通過運(yùn)用比較研究、歷史考察、價(jià)值分析等方法從以下四個(gè)章節(jié)對(duì)習(xí)慣的法律淵源地位進(jìn)行研究：第一章，首先介紹了法律淵源和習(xí)慣的概念，這部分重點(diǎn)清晰的對(duì)法律淵源與法律形式、習(xí)慣與習(xí)慣法進(jìn)行了區(qū)分；其次，引述了兩大法系和中國理論界對(duì)習(xí)慣作為法律淵源的地位研究。然后，引出了習(xí)慣作為一種特殊條件下的法律淵源地位，這個(gè)特殊條件即是“法律缺位”，即在沒有法律法規(guī)的情況下才可以依照當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)慣。第二章，首先從法律文化學(xué)、法律人類學(xué)、法律社會(huì)學(xué)三個(gè)視角來介紹習(xí)慣作為法源的合理性依據(jù)。其次，重點(diǎn)闡述習(xí)慣在《憲法》、《民法通則》、《合同法》、《物權(quán)法》、《刑法》以及行政法規(guī)和司法解釋中的合法性依據(jù)。再次，提出了習(xí)慣作為法源的條件，包括客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和外部表征。習(xí)慣變成習(xí)慣法必須滿足得到國家承認(rèn)、現(xiàn)行法的空缺或失效、不與法律的基本原則相抵觸三個(gè)條件。第三章，論述了習(xí)慣作為法源的立法適用問題。首先應(yīng)該對(duì)習(xí)慣進(jìn)行調(diào)查整理匯編，然后分別從民事、刑事、行政立法上加以研究。第四章，論述了習(xí)慣作為法源的司法適用問題。民事習(xí)慣主要是通過“直接采用習(xí)慣、解釋制定法、司法調(diào)解、制定關(guān)于當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)慣的指導(dǎo)意見”四種方式加以適用；刑事習(xí)慣主要從“區(qū)別對(duì)待不同的刑事糾紛和刑事習(xí)慣、建立和完善刑事案例指導(dǎo)制度以及建立其他司法救濟(jì)機(jī)制，比如通過民間調(diào)解、公安機(jī)關(guān)不立案偵查、對(duì)當(dāng)事人免于起訴”等方面加以適用；行政習(xí)慣的司法適用則重點(diǎn)規(guī)制了法官的自由裁量權(quán)，以提高習(xí)慣司法適用的準(zhǔn)確性，最終合理解決糾紛，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there have been a lot of researches on habits in Chinese theorists. However, most scholars' researches on habits remain on the study of civil habits and minority customs, but neglect the research on their status in the whole legal system. Although our country's legislation and judicature all admit custom, but its legal origin status is not clear. In practice, the status of custom as a source of law can not be ignored. The study on the legal source status of custom not only helps us to understand the definition of legal source correctly, but also helps us to understand the meaning of rule of law more deeply. Through comparative study, historical investigation, value analysis and other methods, this paper studies the legal origin status of habit from the following four chapters: the first chapter introduces the concept of legal origin and habit. This part makes a clear distinction between the sources and forms of law, custom and customary law. Secondly, it quotes the research on the status of custom as a source of law in two legal systems and Chinese theoretical circles. Then, it leads to the status of custom as a source of law under special conditions. This special condition is called "law vacancy", that is, it is only in the absence of laws and regulations that the local custom can be followed. The second chapter introduces the rationality of habit as the source of law from the perspectives of legal culture, legal anthropology and legal sociology. Secondly, it focuses on the legal basis of custom in the constitution, general principles of civil law, contract law, property law, criminal law, administrative regulations and judicial interpretation. Thirdly, it puts forward the condition of habit as the source of law, including objective criterion and external representation. The conversion of custom into customary law must satisfy three conditions, which are recognized by the State, void or invalid of Lex lata and do not conflict with the basic principles of law. The third chapter discusses the legislative application of custom as a source of law. Customs should be investigated and compiled first, and then studied separately in civil, criminal and administrative legislation. Chapter four discusses the judicial application of custom as a source of law. Civil customs are mainly applied through "direct adoption of customs, interpretation of statutory laws, judicial mediation, development of guidance on local customs", and criminal customs are mainly applied from "treating different criminal disputes and criminal customs differently." Establishing and perfecting the guidance system of criminal cases and establishing other judicial relief mechanisms, for example, through folk mediation, the public security organs do not file a case for investigation, and the parties are exempted from prosecution. The judicial application of administrative habits focuses on regulating the discretion of judges in order to improve the accuracy of customary judicial application and finally resolve disputes reasonably and promote social harmony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0

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