本文選題：柯克 + 法治��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 英國是世界上最早走向現(xiàn)代法治社會的國家,柯克法治思想在這一歷史進(jìn)程中起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。因此,在解讀柯克的著作和分析其司法實(shí)踐以及議會活動的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)研究柯克法治思想既能夠從理論上加深我們對法治的理解,又有利于理解英國憲政的確立以及現(xiàn)代法治社會的形成。 柯克的法治思想包括普通法至上思想、“王在法下”思想、議會主權(quán)思想以及臣民自由與權(quán)利思想四個部分,其中普通法至上思想是柯克法治思想的根基,貫穿于“王在法下”思想、議會主權(quán)思想以及臣民自由與權(quán)利思想之中。在實(shí)踐中,普通法至上是實(shí)現(xiàn)“王在法下”、確立議會主權(quán)以及維護(hù)臣民自由與權(quán)利的前提和保障�？驴朔ㄖ嗡枷氲暮诵募礊榫S護(hù)普通法至上的地位,以普通法限制國王的權(quán)力,保障臣民的權(quán)利。在法律之下對權(quán)力的約束和對權(quán)利的保障正是英國現(xiàn)代憲政的本質(zhì)�？驴说姆ㄖ嗡枷氤蔀橛F(xiàn)代法治社會和憲政發(fā)展的重要思想淵源。 全文分為三部分：第一部分為引言,主要闡述論文選題的意義,總結(jié)國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對該選題的研究狀況,并闡明本文要研究的問題與方法以及文獻(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)。第二部分是論文的主體部分,一共五章,其中第一章論述柯克的普通法至上思想,主要闡述普通法的發(fā)展歷程、普通法的法律理性以及柯克對特權(quán)法庭的批判與抵制等內(nèi)容；第二章論述柯克的“王在法下”思想,主要闡述英國有限王權(quán)與法治傳統(tǒng)的形成,柯克在分析《大憲章》的過程中所闡明的“王在法下”思想；第三章論述柯克的議會主權(quán)思想,主要闡述議會的至尊地位、上下兩院的分立與“王在議會”原則的形成以及議員的自由與權(quán)利；第四章論述柯克的臣民自由與權(quán)利思想,主要闡述臣民的生產(chǎn)與貿(mào)易自由、人身自由以及財產(chǎn)權(quán)利。第五章論述柯克法治思想的歷史影響,主要闡述在柯克法治思想的影響下,議會與普通法職業(yè)共同體與專制王權(quán)進(jìn)行了長期的斗爭,最終成功地推動了“光榮革命”的爆發(fā),建立了君主立憲政體,確立了法官和法庭的獨(dú)立地位。從此,英國走向了現(xiàn)代法治社會。第三部分是結(jié)論,對柯克的法治思想進(jìn)行總體的論述,分析柯克法治思想的特點(diǎn)、發(fā)展演變及其歷史地位和影響。
[Abstract]:The thought of Kirk's rule of law plays an important role in this historical process. Therefore, based on the interpretation of Kirk's works and the analysis of his judicial practice and parliamentary activities, a systematic study of Kirk's thoughts on the rule of law can deepen our understanding of the rule of law in theory. It also helps to understand the establishment of British constitutionalism and the formation of a modern society ruled by law. Kirk's thought of rule of law includes the thought of common law supremacy, the thought of "king under the law", the thought of parliamentary sovereignty, and the thought of freedom and right of subjects, among which the thought of supremacy of common law is the foundation of Kirk's thought of rule of law. It runs through the thought of "the king under the law", the thought of parliamentary sovereignty and the thought of subjects' freedom and rights. In practice, the supremacy of common law is the premise and guarantee to realize the "king under the law", to establish the sovereignty of parliament and to safeguard the freedom and rights of subjects. The core of Kirk's thought of rule of law is to maintain the supremacy of common law, to limit the power of kings and to protect the rights of subjects. The restriction and protection of power under the law is the essence of modern British constitutionalism. Kirk's thought of the rule of law has become an important ideological source of the modern rule of law society and constitutional development in England. The full text is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly expounds the significance of the topic, summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars' research on the topic, and clarifies the problems and methods to be studied in this paper, as well as the literature basis. The second part is the main part of the paper, a total of five chapters, the first chapter discusses Kirk's thought of the supremacy of common law, mainly expounds the development of common law, the legal rationality of common law, as well as Kirk's criticism and resistance to privileged courts and so on. The second chapter discusses Kirk's "Wang under the law" thought, mainly elaborated the British limited Wang Quan and the rule of law tradition formation, Kirk in the analysis of "Magna Carta" in the process of "Wang under the law" thought; The third chapter discusses Kirk's thought of parliamentary sovereignty, mainly expounds the supreme position of parliament, the separation of upper and lower houses, the formation of the principle of "king in parliament", and the freedom and rights of members of parliament, and the fourth chapter discusses Kirk's thoughts of subjects' freedom and rights. The freedom of production and trade, personal freedom and property rights of subjects are expounded. The fifth chapter discusses the historical influence of Kirk's thought of rule of law. Under the influence of Kirk's thought of rule of law, Parliament and the professional community of common law struggle with autocratic Wang Quan for a long time, and finally successfully promote the outbreak of "glorious revolution". A constitutional monarchy was established, and the independence of judges and courts was established. Since then, Britain has moved towards a modern society ruled by law. The third part is the conclusion, discusses Kirk's thought of rule of law in general, analyzes the characteristics, development and evolution of Kirk's thought of rule of law and its historical position and influence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D909.561

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號：1891336