本文選題：俄羅斯 + 土地私有化　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 俄羅斯自上而下的土地改革是依靠法律來推動(dòng)和完善的,同時(shí)改革也在不斷檢驗(yàn)法律的可行性,修正法律的不當(dāng)之處。土地私有化改革取得的成就為本文的研究提供契機(jī)。本文共四章,分別考察俄羅斯土地所有制和土地私人所有權(quán)的歷史演變,分析并概述新俄羅斯土地私有化的進(jìn)程和改革績(jī)效,詳細(xì)分析新俄羅斯私人土地權(quán)利法律制度的內(nèi)容、成功之處和不足的地方,以期對(duì)我國(guó)土地立法提供重要的啟示和幫助。 土地所有權(quán)制度與中國(guó)“三農(nóng)”問題有著緊密的聯(lián)系,現(xiàn)階段就中國(guó)的國(guó)情來說土地所有權(quán)制度不僅重要,而且是熱點(diǎn)問題。新俄羅斯是蘇聯(lián)最大的繼承國(guó)。中國(guó)同蘇聯(lián)和新俄羅斯有著非常相似的過去和千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。對(duì)重要鄰邦關(guān)于私人土地所有制法律進(jìn)行深入的探討和分析,可以為構(gòu)建適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的土地所有權(quán)制度提供理論參考。 在俄羅斯歷史上村社被稱為“俄羅斯精神”,村社是農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)和生活的主要場(chǎng)所,能滿足農(nóng)民的基本生存權(quán),強(qiáng)化了農(nóng)民對(duì)村社的人生依附性。在村社基礎(chǔ)上形成的村社土地占有制度成了俄國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的障礙,是俄國(guó)歷次土地改革的主要對(duì)象。但村社文化的影響具有歷史慣性,在一定程度會(huì)消解新俄羅斯土地私有化改革所展示的意義。開始于1991年的俄羅斯土地私有化改革,從1999年開始農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)在付出沉痛的代價(jià)后逐漸復(fù)蘇,糧食產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)較快�？梢哉f土地私有化的成果初見端倪。伴隨土地私有化改革的發(fā)展,各部門法都史無前例地強(qiáng)化對(duì)公民土地私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的保護(hù)。但鑒于土地之上共存著資源與財(cái)產(chǎn)屬性,進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后,俄羅斯的土地立法出現(xiàn)了重大變化,法律明確規(guī)定土地既是自然資源同時(shí)又是不動(dòng)產(chǎn),因此俄羅斯的土地立法不僅保護(hù)土地所有者的合法權(quán)利,同時(shí)也賦予了土地所有人保護(hù)土地資源的義務(wù)。由于新俄羅斯土地私有化進(jìn)程不可逆轉(zhuǎn),所以法律對(duì)土地私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的保護(hù)不會(huì)終止,但私人土地所有權(quán)應(yīng)該受到適當(dāng)?shù)南拗啤?在史論結(jié)合,論從史出的基礎(chǔ)上,本文采取:歷史敘述的方法,分析的方法,系統(tǒng)研究的方法以及實(shí)證等研究方法。
[Abstract]:The top-down land reform in Russia depends on the law to promote and perfect, at the same time, the reform is constantly examining the feasibility of the law and correcting the law's inadequacies. The achievements of land privatization reform provide an opportunity for the study of this paper. This paper, in four chapters, examines the historical evolution of land ownership and private ownership of land in Russia, analyzes and summarizes the process and reform performance of land privatization in New Russia, and analyzes in detail the contents of the legal system of private land rights in the new Russia. In order to provide important enlightenment and help to land legislation of our country. The system of land ownership is closely related to the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in China. At the present stage, land ownership system is not only important but also a hot issue in terms of China's national conditions. New Russia is the largest successor to the Soviet Union. China and the Soviet Union and New Russia have very similar past and inextricably linked. An in-depth discussion and analysis of the laws of private land ownership in important neighboring countries can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of a land ownership system suitable for China's national conditions. In the history of Russia, the village community is called "Russian spirit", which is the main place for farmers to produce and live. It can satisfy the peasants' basic right of existence and strengthen the dependence of peasants on village society. The system of land ownership formed on the basis of village community has become an obstacle to the modernization of Russian agriculture and rural areas and is the main object of previous land reform in Russia. However, the influence of village community culture has historical inertia, which will eliminate the significance of land privatization reform in New Russia to a certain extent. The reform of land privatization in Russia began in 1991. Since 1999, the agricultural economy has gradually recovered after paying a heavy price, and grain production has increased rapidly. It can be said that the results of land privatization are on the horizon. With the development of land privatization reform, various laws have strengthened the protection of private property of citizens' land in an unprecedented way. However, in view of the coexistence of resources and property attributes on land, after entering the 21st century, Russia's land legislation has undergone major changes. The law clearly stipulates that land is not only natural resources but also real estate. Therefore, Russia's land legislation not only protects the legal rights of landowners, but also imposes the obligation on landowners to protect land resources. Since the privatization of new Russian land is irreversible, the protection of private land property by law will not be terminated, but private land ownership should be subject to appropriate restrictions. On the basis of the combination of historical theory and history, this paper adopts the methods of historical narration, analysis, systematic research and empirical research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：DD912.3;D951.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 庫(kù)金娜·安娜;俄中土地法律制度比較研究[D];中國(guó)政法大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1826987